# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
# Copyright (C) YEAR the authors of Guix (msgids)
# This file is distributed under the same license as the guix manual package.
# Julien Lepiller <fedora-account@lepiller.eu>, 2021.
# Francois Polito <francois@polito.se>, 2021.
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: guix manual checkout\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-guix@gnu.org\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-01-25 00:00+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-04-25 06:02+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Julien Lepiller <fedora-account@lepiller.eu>\n"
"Language-Team: French <https://translate.fedoraproject.org/projects/guix/documentation-cookbook/fr/>\n"
"Language: fr\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n > 1;\n"
"X-Generator: Weblate 4.6\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:7
msgid "@documentencoding UTF-8"
msgstr ""
"@documentencoding UTF-8\n"
"@documentlanguage fr\n"
"@frenchspacing on"

#. type: top
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:7 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:35
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:49
#, no-wrap
msgid "GNU Guix Cookbook"
msgstr "Livre de recettes de GNU Guix"

#. type: copying
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:20
msgid "Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Ricardo Wurmus@* Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Efraim Flashner@* Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Pierre Neidhardt@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Oleg Pykhalov@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Matthew Brooks@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Marcin Karpezo@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Brice Waegeneire@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 André Batista@* Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Christopher Lemmer Webber"
msgstr ""
"Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Ricardo Wurmus@*\n"
"Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Efraim Flashner@*\n"
"Copyright @copyright{} 2019 Pierre Neidhardt@*\n"
"Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Oleg Pykhalov@*\n"
"Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Matthew Brooks@*\n"
"Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Marcin Karpezo@*\n"
"Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Brice Waegeneire@*\n"
"Copyright @copyright{} 2020 André Batista@*\n"
"Copyright @copyright{} 2020 Christopher Lemmer Webber"

#. type: copying
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:27
msgid "Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''."
msgstr "Vous avez la permission de copier, distribuer ou modifier ce document sous les termes de la Licence GNU Free Documentation, version 1.3 ou toute version ultérieure publiée par la Free Software Foundation ; sans section invariante, texte de couverture et sans texte de quatrième de couverture.  Une copie de la licence est incluse dans la section intitulée « GNU Free Documentation License »."

#. type: dircategory
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:29
#, no-wrap
msgid "System administration"
msgstr "Administration système"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:32
msgid "Guix cookbook: (guix-cookbook)"
msgstr "Livre de recettes de Guix: (guix-cookbook.fr)"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:32
msgid "Tutorials and examples for GNU Guix."
msgstr "Didacticiels et exemples pour GNU Guix."

#. type: subtitle
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:36
#, no-wrap
msgid "Tutorials and examples for using the GNU Guix Functional Package Manager"
msgstr "Didacticiels et exemples d'utilisation du gestionnaire de paquets GNU Guix"

#. type: author
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:37
#, no-wrap
msgid "The GNU Guix Developers"
msgstr "Les développeurs de GNU Guix"

#. type: node
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:48
#, no-wrap
msgid "Top"
msgstr "Top"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:55
msgid "This document presents tutorials and detailed examples for GNU@tie{}Guix, a functional package management tool written for the GNU system.  Please @pxref{Top,,, guix, GNU Guix reference manual} for details about the system, its API, and related concepts."
msgstr "Ce document propose des didacticiels et des exemples détaillés pour GNU@tie{}Guix, un outil de gestion des paquets fonctionnel écrit pour le système GNU. @pxref{Top,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de Guix} pour plus de détails sur le système, son API et les concepts associés."

#.  You can replace the following paragraph with information on
#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:63
msgid "If you would like to translate this document in your native language, consider joining @uref{https://translate.fedoraproject.org/projects/guix/documentation-cookbook, Weblate}."
msgstr "Si vous désirez traduire ce document dans votre langue maternelle, rejoignez @uref{https://translate.fedoraproject.org/projects/guix/documentation-cookbook, Weblate}."

#. type: chapter
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:79
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:95 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:96
#, no-wrap
msgid "Scheme tutorials"
msgstr "Didacticiels pour Scheme"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70
msgid "Meet your new favorite language!"
msgstr "Découvrez votre nouveau langage préféré !"

#. type: chapter
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:83
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:302 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:303
#, no-wrap
msgid "Packaging"
msgstr "Empaquetage"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70
msgid "Packaging tutorials"
msgstr "Didacticiel d'empaquetage"

#. type: chapter
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:87
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1345 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1346
#, no-wrap
msgid "System Configuration"
msgstr "Configuration du système"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70
msgid "Customizing the GNU System"
msgstr "Personnalisation du système GNU"

#. type: chapter
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2394
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2395
#, no-wrap
msgid "Advanced package management"
msgstr "Gestion avancée des paquets"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70
msgid "Power to the users!"
msgstr "Le pouvoir aux utilisateurs !"

#. type: chapter
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2792
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2793
#, no-wrap
msgid "Environment management"
msgstr "Gestion de l'environnement"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:70
msgid "Control environment"
msgstr "Environnement de contrôle"

#. type: chapter
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:74 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2916
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2917
#, no-wrap
msgid "Acknowledgments"
msgstr "Remerciements"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:74
msgid "Thanks!"
msgstr "Merci !"

#. type: appendix
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:74 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2941
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2942
#, no-wrap
msgid "GNU Free Documentation License"
msgstr "La licence GNU Free Documentation"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:74
msgid "The license of this document."
msgstr "La licence de ce document."

#. type: unnumbered
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:74 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2947
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2948
#, no-wrap
msgid "Concept Index"
msgstr "Index des concepts"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:74
msgid "Concepts."
msgstr "Les concepts."

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:77
msgid "--- The Detailed Node Listing ---"
msgstr "--- Liste détaillée des nœuds ---"

#. type: section
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:81 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:109
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:110
#, no-wrap
msgid "A Scheme Crash Course"
msgstr "Cours accéléré du language Scheme"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:81
msgid "Learn the basics of Scheme"
msgstr "Apprenez les bases du langage Scheme"

#. type: section
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:85 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:314
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:316 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:317
#, no-wrap
msgid "Packaging Tutorial"
msgstr "Didacticiel d'empaquetage"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:85
msgid "Let's add a package to Guix!"
msgstr "Ajoutons un paquet à Guix !"

#. type: section
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:89 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1366 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1367
#, no-wrap
msgid "Customizing the Kernel"
msgstr "Personnalisation du noyau"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:89
msgid "Creating and using a custom Linux kernel"
msgstr "Créer et utiliser un noyau Linux personnalisé"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:102
msgid "GNU@tie{}Guix is written in the general purpose programming language Scheme, and many of its features can be accessed and manipulated programmatically.  You can use Scheme to generate package definitions, to modify them, to build them, to deploy whole operating systems, etc."
msgstr "GNU@tie{}Guix est écrit dans le langage de programmation Scheme.  Nombre de ses fonctionnalités peuvent être consultées et manipulées par programmation. Vous pouvez utiliser Scheme entre autres pour générer des définitions de paquets, pour les modifier, pour les compiler ou pour déployer des systèmes d'exploitation entiers."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:106
msgid "Knowing the basics of how to program in Scheme will unlock many of the advanced features Guix provides --- and you don't even need to be an experienced programmer to use them!"
msgstr "Connaître les bases de la programmation en Scheme vous permettra d'utiliser de nombreuses fonctionnalités avancées de Guix --- et vous n'avez pas besoin d'être un·e programmeur·euse chevronné·e !"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:108
msgid "Let's get started!"
msgstr "C'est parti !"

#. type: cindex
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:112
#, no-wrap
msgid "Scheme, crash course"
msgstr "Scheme, cours accéléré"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:118
msgid "Guix uses the Guile implementation of Scheme.  To start playing with the language, install it with @code{guix install guile} and start a @dfn{REPL}---short for @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read%E2%80%93eval%E2%80%93print_loop, @dfn{read-eval-print loop}}---by running @code{guile} from the command line."
msgstr "Guix utilise l'implémentation Guile du langage Scheme. Pour commencer à jouer avec le langage, installez-le avec @code{guix install guile} et démarrer une @dfn{REPL}, une @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read%E2%80%93eval%E2%80%93print_loop, @dfn{boucle de lecture, évaluation, affichage}}, en lançant @code{guile} sur la ligne de commande."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:121
msgid "Alternatively you can also run @code{guix environment --ad-hoc guile -- guile} if you'd rather not have Guile installed in your user profile."
msgstr "Vous pouvez également lancer la commande @code{guix environment --ad-hoc guile -- guile} si vous préférez ne pas installer Guile dans votre profil utilisateur."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:127
msgid "In the following examples, lines show what you would type at the REPL; lines starting with ``@result{}'' show evaluation results, while lines starting with ``@print{}'' show things that get printed.  @xref{Using Guile Interactively,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}, for more details on the REPL."
msgstr "Dans les exemples suivants, les lignes montrent ce que vous devez taper sur la REPL ; les lignes commençant par « @result{} » montrent le résultat de l'évaluation, tandis que les lignes commençant par « @print{} » montrent ce qui est affiché. @xref{Using Guile Interactively,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}, pour plus d'information sur la REPL."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:135
msgid "Scheme syntax boils down to a tree of expressions (or @emph{s-expression} in Lisp lingo).  An expression can be a literal such as numbers and strings, or a compound which is a parenthesized list of compounds and literals.  @code{#true} and @code{#false} (abbreviated @code{#t} and @code{#f}) stand for the Booleans ``true'' and ``false'', respectively."
msgstr "La syntaxe de Scheme se résume à un arbre d'expressions (ou une @emph{s-expression} dans le jargon Lisp). Une expression peut être un litéral comme un nombre ou une chaîne de caractères, ou composée d'une liste d'autres éléments composés et litéraux, entourée de parenthèses. @code{#true} et @code{#false} (abrégés @code{#t} et @code{#f}) correspondent aux booléens « vrai » et « faux »."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:137
msgid "Examples of valid expressions:"
msgstr "Voici des exemples d'expressions valides :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:141
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"\"Hello World!\"\n"
"@result{} \"Hello World!\"\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"\"Bonjour le monde !\"\n"
"@result{} \"Bonjour le monde !\"\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:144
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"17\n"
"@result{} 17\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"17\n"
"@result{} 17\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:148
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(display (string-append \"Hello \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
"@print{} Hello Guix!\n"
"@result{} #<unspecified>\n"
msgstr ""
"(display (string-append \"Bonjour \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
"@print{} Bonjour Guix\n"
"@result{} #<unspecified>\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:155
msgid "This last example is a function call nested in another function call.  When a parenthesized expression is evaluated, the first term is the function and the rest are the arguments passed to the function.  Every function returns the last evaluated expression as its return value."
msgstr "Ce dernier exemple est un appel de fonction imbriqué dans un autre appel de fonction. Lorsqu'une expression parenthésée est évaluée, le premier élément est la fonction et le reste sont les arguments passés à la fonction. Chaque fonction renvoie la dernière expression évaluée."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:158
msgid "Anonymous functions are declared with the @code{lambda} term:"
msgstr "On peut déclarer des fonctions anonymes avec le terme @code{lambda} :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:162
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(lambda (x) (* x x))\n"
"@result{} #<procedure 120e348 at <unknown port>:24:0 (x)>\n"
msgstr ""
"(lambda (x) (* x x))\n"
"@result{} #<procedure 120e348 at <unknown port>:24:0 (x)>\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:167
msgid "The above procedure returns the square of its argument.  Since everything is an expression, the @code{lambda} expression returns an anonymous procedure, which can in turn be applied to an argument:"
msgstr "La procédure ci-dessus renvoie le carré de son argument. Comme tout est une expression, l'expression @code{lambda} renvoie une procédure anonyme, qui peut ensuite être appliquée à un argument :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:171
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"((lambda (x) (* x x)) 3)\n"
"@result{} 9\n"
msgstr ""
"((lambda (x) (* x x)) 3)\n"
"@result{} 9\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:175
msgid "Anything can be assigned a global name with @code{define}:"
msgstr "On peut assigner un nom global à tout ce qu'on veut avec @code{define} :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:181
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define a 3)\n"
"(define square (lambda (x) (* x x)))\n"
"(square a)\n"
"@result{} 9\n"
msgstr ""
"(define a 3)\n"
"(define square (lambda (x) (* x x)))\n"
"(square a)\n"
"@result{} 9\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:185
msgid "Procedures can be defined more concisely with the following syntax:"
msgstr "On peut définir des procédure de manière plus concise avec la syntaxe suivante :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:188
#, no-wrap
msgid "(define (square x) (* x x))\n"
msgstr "(define (square x) (* x x))\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:192
msgid "A list structure can be created with the @code{list} procedure:"
msgstr "On peut créer une structure de liste avec la procédure @code{list} :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:196
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(list 2 a 5 7)\n"
"@result{} (2 3 5 7)\n"
msgstr ""
"(list 2 a 5 7)\n"
"@result{} (2 3 5 7)\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:203
msgid "The @dfn{quote} disables evaluation of a parenthesized expression: the first term is not called over the other terms (@pxref{Expression Syntax, quote,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}).  Thus it effectively returns a list of terms."
msgstr "La @dfn{quote} (l'apostrophe) désactive l'évaluation d'une expression parenthésée : le premier élément n'est pas appelé avec les autres éléments en argument (@pxref{Expression Syntax, quote,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}). Donc, il renvoie une liste de termes."

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:207
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"'(display (string-append \"Hello \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
"@result{} (display (string-append \"Hello \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"'(display (string-append \"Bonjour \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
"@result{} (display (string-append \"Bonjour \" \"Guix\" \"\\n\"))\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:210
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"'(2 a 5 7)\n"
"@result{} (2 a 5 7)\n"
msgstr ""
"'(2 a 5 7)\n"
"@result{} (2 a 5 7)\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:216
msgid "The @dfn{quasiquote} disables evaluation of a parenthesized expression until @dfn{unquote} (a comma) re-enables it.  Thus it provides us with fine-grained control over what is evaluated and what is not."
msgstr "La @dfn{quasiquote} (l'apostrophe à l'envers) désactive l'évaluation d'une expression parenthésée jusqu'à ce qu'un @dfn{unquote} (une virgule) la réactive. De cette manière, on garde un contrôle fin sur ce qui est évalué et sur ce qui ne l'est pas."

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:220
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"`(2 a 5 7 (2 ,a 5 ,(+ a 4)))\n"
"@result{} (2 a 5 7 (2 3 5 7))\n"
msgstr ""
"`(2 a 5 7 (2 ,a 5 ,(+ a 4)))\n"
"@result{} (2 a 5 7 (2 3 5 7))\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:224
msgid "Note that the above result is a list of mixed elements: numbers, symbols (here @code{a}) and the last element is a list itself."
msgstr "Remarquez que le résultat ci-dessus est une liste d'éléments mixtes : des nombres, des symboles (ici @code{a}) et le dernier élément est aussi une liste."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:228
msgid "Multiple variables can be named locally with @code{let} (@pxref{Local Bindings,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}):"
msgstr "On peut nommer localement plusieurs variables avec @code{let} (@pxref{Local Bindings,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}) :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:235
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define x 10)\n"
"(let ((x 2)\n"
"      (y 3))\n"
"  (list x y))\n"
"@result{} (2 3)\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(define x 10)\n"
"(let ((x 2)\n"
"      (y 3))\n"
"  (list x y))\n"
"@result{} (2 3)\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:238
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"x\n"
"@result{} 10\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"x\n"
"@result{} 10\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:241
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"y\n"
"@error{} In procedure module-lookup: Unbound variable: y\n"
msgstr ""
"y\n"
"@error{} In procedure module-lookup: Unbound variable: y\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:245
msgid "Use @code{let*} to allow later variable declarations to refer to earlier definitions."
msgstr "On peut utiliser @code{let*} pour permettre au déclarations de variables ultérieures d'utiliser les définitions précédentes."

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:251
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(let* ((x 2)\n"
"       (y (* x 3)))\n"
"  (list x y))\n"
"@result{} (2 6)\n"
msgstr ""
"(let* ((x 2)\n"
"       (y (* x 3)))\n"
"  (list x y))\n"
"@result{} (2 6)\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:258
msgid "@dfn{Keywords} are typically used to identify the named parameters of a procedure.  They are prefixed by @code{#:} (hash, colon) followed by alphanumeric characters: @code{#:like-this}.  @xref{Keywords,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}."
msgstr "On utilise typiquement des @dfn{mot-clés} pour identifier les paramètres nommés d'une procédure. Ils sont précédés de @code{#:} (dièse, deux-points) suivi par des caractères alphanumériques : @code{#:comme-ça}. @xref{Keywords,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:263
msgid "The percentage @code{%} is typically used for read-only global variables in the build stage.  Note that it is merely a convention, like @code{_} in C.  Scheme treats @code{%} exactly the same as any other letter."
msgstr "On utilise souvent le signe pourcent @code{%} pour les variables globales non modifiables à l'étape de construction. Remarquez que ce n'est qu'une convention, comme @code{_} en C. Scheme traite @code{%} de la même manière que les autres lettres."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:267
msgid "Modules are created with @code{define-module} (@pxref{Creating Guile Modules,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}).  For instance"
msgstr "On peut créer des modules avec @code{define-module} (@pxref{Creating Guile Modules,,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}). Par exemple :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:273
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-module (guix build-system ruby)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix store)\n"
"  #:export (ruby-build\n"
"            ruby-build-system))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-module (guix build-system ruby)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix store)\n"
"  #:export (ruby-build\n"
"            ruby-build-system))\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:279
msgid "defines the module @code{guix build-system ruby} which must be located in @file{guix/build-system/ruby.scm} somewhere in the Guile load path.  It depends on the @code{(guix store)} module and it exports two variables, @code{ruby-build} and @code{ruby-build-system}."
msgstr "défini le module @code{guix build-system ruby} qui doit se situer dans @file{guix/build-system/ruby.scm} quelque part dans le chemin de recherche de Guile. Il dépend du module @code{(guix store)} et exporte deux variables, @code{ruby-build} et @code{ruby-build-system}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:284
msgid "For a more detailed introduction, check out @uref{http://www.troubleshooters.com/codecorn/scheme_guile/hello.htm, Scheme at a Glance}, by Steve Litt."
msgstr "Pour une introduction plus détaillée, consultez @uref{http://www.troubleshooters.com/codecorn/scheme_guile/hello.htm, Scheme at a Glance}, par Steve Litt."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:296
msgid "One of the reference Scheme books is the seminal ``Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs'', by Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay Sussman, with Julie Sussman.  You'll find a @uref{https://mitpress.mit.edu/sites/default/files/sicp/index.html, free copy online}, together with @uref{https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-001-structure-and-interpretation-of-computer-programs-spring-2005/video-lectures/, videos of the lectures by the authors}.  The book is available in Texinfo format as the @code{sicp} Guix package.  Go ahead, run @code{guix install sicp} and start reading with @code{info sicp} (@pxref{,,, sicp, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs}).  An @uref{https://sarabander.github.io/sicp/, unofficial ebook is also available}."
msgstr "L'un des livres de référence majeurs pour Scheme est « Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs » de Harold Abelson et Gerald Jay Sussman, avec Julie Sussman. Vous trouverez une @uref{https://mitpress.mit.edu/sites/default/files/sicp/index.html,copie gratuite en ligne}, avec @uref{https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-001-structure-and-interpretation-of-computer-programs-spring-2005/video-lectures/, les vidéos des cours donnés par les auteurs, en anglais}. Le livre est disponible au format Texinfo dans le paquet Guix @code{sicp}. Allez-y, lancez @code{guix install sicp} et commencez à le lire avec @code{info sicp} (@pxref{,,, sicp, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs}). Un @uref{https://sarabander.github.io/sicp/,livre électronique officieux est aussi disponible}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:299
msgid "You'll find more books, tutorials and other resources at @url{https://schemers.org/}."
msgstr "Vous trouverez plus de livres, de didacticiels et d'autres ressources sur @url{https://schemers.org/}."

#. type: cindex
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:305
#, no-wrap
msgid "packaging"
msgstr "empaquetage"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:311
msgid "This chapter is dedicated to teaching you how to add packages to the collection of packages that come with GNU Guix.  This involves writing package definitions in Guile Scheme, organizing them in package modules, and building them."
msgstr "Ce chapitre est conçu pour vous enseigner comment ajouter des paquets à la collection de paquets de GNU Guix. Pour cela, vous devrez écrire des définitions de paquets en Guile Scheme, les organiser en modules et les construire."

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:314
msgid "A tutorial on how to add packages to Guix."
msgstr "Un didacticiel sur la manière d'ajouter des paquets à Guix."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:325
msgid "GNU Guix stands out as the @emph{hackable} package manager, mostly because it uses @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guile/, GNU Guile}, a powerful high-level programming language, one of the @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_%28programming_language%29, Scheme} dialects from the @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_%28programming_language%29, Lisp family}."
msgstr "GNU Guix se démarque des autres gestionnaire de paquets en étant @emph{bidouillable}, surtout parce qu'il utilise @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guile/,GNU Guile}, un langage de programmation de haut-niveau puissant, l'un des dialectes @uref{https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme, Scheme} de @uref{https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp, la famille Lisp}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:329
msgid "Package definitions are also written in Scheme, which empowers Guix in some very unique ways, unlike most other package managers that use shell scripts or simple languages."
msgstr "Les définitions de paquets sont aussi écrites en Scheme, ce qui le rend plus puissant de manière assez unique par rapport aux autres gestionnaires de paquets qui utilisent des scripts shell ou des langages simples."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:334
msgid "Use functions, structures, macros and all of Scheme expressiveness for your package definitions."
msgstr "Vous pouvez utiliser des fonctions, des structures, des macros et toute l'expressivité de Scheme dans vos définitions de paquets."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:338
msgid "Inheritance makes it easy to customize a package by inheriting from it and modifying only what is needed."
msgstr "L'héritage facilite la personnalisation d'un paquet en héritant d'un autre et en modifiant uniquement les points nécessaires."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:348
msgid "Batch processing: the whole package collection can be parsed, filtered and processed.  Building a headless server with all graphical interfaces stripped out? It's possible.  Want to rebuild everything from source using specific compiler optimization flags? Pass the @code{#:make-flags \"...\"} argument to the list of packages.  It wouldn't be a stretch to think @uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/USE_flag, Gentoo USE flags} here, but this goes even further: the changes don't have to be thought out beforehand by the packager, they can be @emph{programmed} by the user!"
msgstr "Traitement par lot : la collection des paquets entière peut être analysée, filtrée et traitée. Vous voulez construire un serveur sans interface graphique ? C'est possible. Vous voulez tout reconstruire à partir des sources avec des drapeaux d'optimisation spécifiques ? Passez l'argument @code{#:make-flags \"…\"} à la liste des paquets. Ce ne serait pas aberrant de penser @uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/USE_flag, au drapeau USE de Gentoo}, mais cela va plus loin : la personne qui crée les paquets n'a pas besoin de penser à l'avance à ces changements, ils peuvent être @emph{programmés} par l'utilisateur ou l'utilisatrice !"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:354
msgid "The following tutorial covers all the basics around package creation with Guix.  It does not assume much knowledge of the Guix system nor of the Lisp language.  The reader is only expected to be familiar with the command line and to have some basic programming knowledge."
msgstr "Le didacticiel suivant traite des bases de la création de paquets avec Guix. Il ne présuppose aucune connaissance du système Guix ni du langage Lisp. On ne s'attend qu'à ce que vous aillez une certaine familiarité avec la ligne de commande et des connaissances de base en programmation."

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:355 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:356
#, no-wrap
msgid "A ``Hello World'' package"
msgstr "Un paquet « hello world »"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:361
msgid "The ``Defining Packages'' section of the manual introduces the basics of Guix packaging (@pxref{Defining Packages,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}).  In the following section, we will partly go over those basics again."
msgstr "La section « Définir des paquets » du manuel explique les bases de l'empaquetage avec Guix (@pxref{Définir des paquets,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}). Dans la section suivante, nous reparlerons en partie de ces bases."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:367
msgid "GNU@tie{}Hello is a dummy project that serves as an idiomatic example for packaging.  It uses the GNU build system (@code{./configure && make && make install}).  Guix already provides a package definition which is a perfect example to start with.  You can look up its declaration with @code{guix edit hello} from the command line.  Let's see how it looks:"
msgstr "GNU@tie{}Hello est un exemple de projet qui sert d'exemple idiomatique pour l'empaquetage. Il utilise le système de construction de GNU (@code{./configure && make && make install}). Guix fournit déjà une définition de paquet qui est un parfait exemple pour commencer. Vous pouvez voir sa déclaration avec @code{guix edit hello} depuis la ligne de commande. Voyons à quoi elle ressemble :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:388
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-public hello\n"
"  (package\n"
"    (name \"hello\")\n"
"    (version \"2.10\")\n"
"    (source (origin\n"
"              (method url-fetch)\n"
"              (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
"                                  \".tar.gz\"))\n"
"              (sha256\n"
"               (base32\n"
"                \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
"    (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
"    (synopsis \"Hello, GNU world: An example GNU package\")\n"
"    (description\n"
"     \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits.  It\n"
"serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices.  As such, it supports\n"
"command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
"    (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
"    (license gpl3+)))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-public hello\n"
"  (package\n"
"    (name \"hello\")\n"
"    (version \"2.10\")\n"
"    (source (origin\n"
"              (method url-fetch)\n"
"              (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
"                                  \".tar.gz\"))\n"
"              (sha256\n"
"               (base32\n"
"                \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
"    (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
"    (synopsis \"Hello, GNU world: An example GNU package\")\n"
"    (description\n"
"     \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits.  It\n"
"serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices.  As such, it supports\n"
"command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
"    (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
"    (license gpl3+)))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:392
msgid "As you can see, most of it is rather straightforward.  But let's review the fields together:"
msgstr "Comme vous pouvez le voir, la plus grosse partie est assez simple. Mais examinons les champs ensemble :"

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:394
#, no-wrap
msgid "name"
msgstr "name"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:397
msgid "The project name.  Using Scheme conventions, we prefer to keep it lower case, without underscore and using dash-separated words."
msgstr "Le nom du projet. Avec les conventions de Scheme, on préfère le laisser en minuscule, sans tiret du bas, en séparant les mots par des tirets."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:398
#, no-wrap
msgid "source"
msgstr "source"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:401
msgid "This field contains a description of the source code origin.  The @code{origin} record contains these fields:"
msgstr "Ce champ contient une description de l'origine du code source. L'enregistrement @code{origin} contient ces champs :"

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:403
#, no-wrap
msgid "The method, here @code{url-fetch} to download via HTTP/FTP, but other methods"
msgstr "La méthode, ici @code{url-fetch} pour télécharger via HTTP/FTP, mais d'autres méthodes"

#. type: enumerate
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:405
msgid "exist, such as @code{git-fetch} for Git repositories."
msgstr "existent, comme @code{git-fetch} pour les dépôts Git."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:405
#, no-wrap
msgid "The URI, which is typically some @code{https://} location for @code{url-fetch}.  Here"
msgstr "L'URI, qui est typiquement un emplacement @code{https://} pour @code{url-fetch}. Ici"

#. type: enumerate
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:408
msgid "the special `mirror://gnu` refers to a set of well known locations, all of which can be used by Guix to fetch the source, should some of them fail."
msgstr "le code spécial « mirror://gnu » fait référence à une ensemble d'emplacements bien connus, qui peuvent tous être utilisés par Guix pour récupérer la source, si l'un d'entre eux échoue."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:408
#, no-wrap
msgid "The @code{sha256} checksum of the requested file.  This is essential to ensure"
msgstr "La somme de contrôle @code{sha256} du fichier demandé. C'est essentiel pour s'assurer"

#. type: enumerate
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:411
msgid "the source is not corrupted.  Note that Guix works with base32 strings, hence the call to the @code{base32} function."
msgstr "que la source n'est pas corrompue. Remarquez que Guix fonctionne avec des chaînes en base32, d'où l'appel à la fonction @code{base32}."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:413
#, no-wrap
msgid "build-system"
msgstr "build-system"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:422
msgid "This is where the power of abstraction provided by the Scheme language really shines: in this case, the @code{gnu-build-system} abstracts away the famous @code{./configure && make && make install} shell invocations.  Other build systems include the @code{trivial-build-system} which does not do anything and requires from the packager to program all the build steps, the @code{python-build-system}, the @code{emacs-build-system}, and many more (@pxref{Build Systems,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
msgstr "C'est ici que la puissance d'abstraction du langage Scheme brille de toute sa splendeur : dans ce cas, le @code{gnu-build-system} permet d'abstraire les fameuses invocations shell @code{./configure && make && make install}. Parmi les autres systèmes de construction on trouve le @code{trivial-build-system} qui ne fait rien et demande de programmer toutes les étapes de construction, le @code{python-build-system}, @code{emacs-build-system} et bien d'autres (@pxref{Systèmes de construction,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:423
#, no-wrap
msgid "synopsis"
msgstr "synopsis"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:426
msgid "It should be a concise summary of what the package does.  For many packages a tagline from the project's home page can be used as the synopsis."
msgstr "Le synopsis devrait être un résumé court de ce que fait le paquet. Pour beaucoup de paquets, le slogan de la page d'accueil du projet est approprié pour le synopsis."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:427
#, no-wrap
msgid "description"
msgstr "description"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:430
msgid "Same as for the synopsis, it's fine to re-use the project description from the homepage.  Note that Guix uses Texinfo syntax."
msgstr "Comme le synopsis, vous pouvez réutiliser la description de la page d'accueil du projet. Remarquez que Guix utilise la syntaxe Texinfo."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:431
#, no-wrap
msgid "home-page"
msgstr "home-page"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:433
msgid "Use HTTPS if available."
msgstr "Utilisez l'adresse en HTTPS si elle est disponible."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:434
#, no-wrap
msgid "license"
msgstr "license"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:437
msgid "See @code{guix/licenses.scm} in the project source for a full list of available licenses."
msgstr "Voir @code{guix/licenses.scm} dans les sources du projet pour une liste complète des licences disponibles."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:441
msgid "Time to build our first package! Nothing fancy here for now: we will stick to a dummy @code{my-hello}, a copy of the above declaration."
msgstr "Il est temps de construire notre premier paquet ! Rien de bien compliqué pour l'instant : nous allons garder notre exemple avec @code{my-hello}, une copie de la déclaration montrée plus haut."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:445
msgid "As with the ritualistic ``Hello World'' taught with most programming languages, this will possibly be the most ``manual'' approach.  We will work out an ideal setup later; for now we will go the simplest route."
msgstr "Comme avec le rituel « Hello World » enseigné avec la plupart des langages de programmation, ce sera sans doute l'approche la plus « manuelle » d'empaquetage que vous utiliserez. Nous vous montrerons une configuration idéale plus tard, pour l'instant nous allons suivre la voie la plus simple."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:447
msgid "Save the following to a file @file{my-hello.scm}."
msgstr "Enregistrez ce qui suit dans un fichier nommé @file{my-hello.scm}."

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:453
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(use-modules (guix packages)\n"
"             (guix download)\n"
"             (guix build-system gnu)\n"
"             (guix licenses))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(use-modules (guix packages)\n"
"             (guix download)\n"
"             (guix build-system gnu)\n"
"             (guix licenses))\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:472
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(package\n"
"  (name \"my-hello\")\n"
"  (version \"2.10\")\n"
"  (source (origin\n"
"            (method url-fetch)\n"
"            (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
"                                \".tar.gz\"))\n"
"            (sha256\n"
"             (base32\n"
"              \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
"  (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
"  (synopsis \"Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package\")\n"
"  (description\n"
"   \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits.  It\n"
"serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices.  As such, it supports\n"
"command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
"  (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
"  (license gpl3+))\n"
msgstr ""
"(package\n"
"  (name \"my-hello\")\n"
"  (version \"2.10\")\n"
"  (source (origin\n"
"            (method url-fetch)\n"
"            (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
"                                \".tar.gz\"))\n"
"            (sha256\n"
"             (base32\n"
"              \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
"  (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
"  (synopsis \"Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package\")\n"
"  (description\n"
"   \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits.  It\n"
"serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices.  As such, it supports\n"
"command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
"  (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
"  (license gpl3+))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:475
msgid "We will explain the extra code in a moment."
msgstr "Nous allons expliquer le code supplémentaire dans un moment."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:482
msgid "Feel free to play with the different values of the various fields.  If you change the source, you'll need to update the checksum.  Indeed, Guix refuses to build anything if the given checksum does not match the computed checksum of the source code.  To obtain the correct checksum of the package declaration, we need to download the source, compute the sha256 checksum and convert it to base32."
msgstr "Essayez de jouer avec les différentes valeurs des différents champs. Si vous changez la source, vous devrez mettre à jour la somme de contrôle. En fait, Guix refusera de construire quoi que ce soit si la somme de contrôle donnée ne correspond pas à la somme de contrôle calculée de la source téléchargée. Pour obtenir la bonne somme de contrôle pour une déclaration de paquet, vous devrez télécharger la source, calculer la somme de contrôle sha256 et la convertir en base32."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:485
msgid "Thankfully, Guix can automate this task for us; all we need is to provide the URI:"
msgstr "Heureusement, Guix peut automatiser cette tache pour nous ; tout ce qu'on doit faire est de lui fournir l'URI :"

#.  This is example shell output.
#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:489
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:496
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.JLYgL7\n"
"From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz...\n"
"following redirection to `https://mirror.ibcp.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz'...\n"
" …10.tar.gz  709KiB                                 2.5MiB/s 00:00 [##################] 100.0%\n"
"/gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\n"
msgstr ""
"Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.JLYgL7\n"
"From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz...\n"
"following redirection to `https://mirror.ibcp.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz'...\n"
" …10.tar.gz  709KiB                                 2.5MiB/s 00:00 [##################] 100.0%\n"
"/gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:501
msgid "In this specific case the output tells us which mirror was chosen.  If the result of the above command is not the same as in the above snippet, update your @code{my-hello} declaration accordingly."
msgstr "Dans ce cas particulier, la sortie nous dit quel miroir a été choisi. Si le résultat de la commande au-dessus n'est pas le même que ce qui est montré, mettez à jour votre déclaration @code{my-hello} en fonction."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:505
msgid "Note that GNU package tarballs come with an OpenPGP signature, so you should definitely check the signature of this tarball with `gpg` to authenticate it before going further:"
msgstr "Remarquez que les archives des paquets GNU sont accompagnées de leur signature OpenPGP, donc vous devriez vérifier la signature de cette archive avec « gpg » pour l'authentifier avant d'aller plus loin :"

#.  This is example shell output.
#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:509
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"$ guix download mirror://gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:524
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.03tFfb\n"
"From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig...\n"
"following redirection to `https://ftp.igh.cnrs.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig'...\n"
" ….tar.gz.sig  819B                                                                                                                       1.2MiB/s 00:00 [##################] 100.0%\n"
"/gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig\n"
"0q0v86n3y38z17rl146gdakw9xc4mcscpk8dscs412j22glrv9jf\n"
"$ gpg --verify /gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig /gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
"gpg: Signature made Sun 16 Nov 2014 01:08:37 PM CET\n"
"gpg:                using RSA key A9553245FDE9B739\n"
"gpg: Good signature from \"Sami Kerola <kerolasa@@iki.fi>\" [unknown]\n"
"gpg:                 aka \"Sami Kerola (http://www.iki.fi/kerolasa/) <kerolasa@@iki.fi>\" [unknown]\n"
"gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!\n"
"gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.\n"
"Primary key fingerprint: 8ED3 96E3 7E38 D471 A005  30D3 A955 3245 FDE9 B739\n"
msgstr ""
"Starting download of /tmp/guix-file.03tFfb\n"
"From https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig...\n"
"following redirection to `https://ftp.igh.cnrs.fr/pub/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig'...\n"
" ….tar.gz.sig  819B                                                                                                                       1.2MiB/s 00:00 [##################] 100.0%\n"
"/gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig\n"
"0q0v86n3y38z17rl146gdakw9xc4mcscpk8dscs412j22glrv9jf\n"
"$ gpg --verify /gnu/store/rzs8wba9ka7grrmgcpfyxvs58mly0sx6-hello-2.10.tar.gz.sig /gnu/store/hbdalsf5lpf01x4dcknwx6xbn6n5km6k-hello-2.10.tar.gz\n"
"gpg: Signature faite le dim. 16 nov. 2014 13:08:37 CET\n"
"gpg:                avec la clef RSA A9553245FDE9B739\n"
"gpg: Bonne signature de « Sami Kerola (https://www.iki.fi/kerolasa/) <kerolasa@@iki.fi> » [inconnu]\n"
"gpg: Attention : cette clef n'est pas certifiée avec une signature de confiance.\n"
"gpg:             Rien n'indique que la signature appartient à son propriétaire.\n"
"Empreinte de clef principale : 8ED3 96E3 7E38 D471 A005  30D3 A955 3245 FDE9 B739\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:527
msgid "You can then happily run"
msgstr "Vous pouvez ensuite lancer"

#.  Do not translate this command
#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:531
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm\n"
msgstr "$ guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:534
msgid "You should now have @code{my-hello} in your profile!"
msgstr "Vous devriez maintenant avoir @code{my-hello} dans votre profil !"

#.  Do not translate this command
#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:540
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ guix package --list-installed=my-hello\n"
"my-hello\t2.10\tout\n"
"/gnu/store/f1db2mfm8syb8qvc357c53slbvf1g9m9-my-hello-2.10\n"
msgstr ""
"$ guix package --list-installed=my-hello\n"
"my-hello\t2.10\tout\n"
"/gnu/store/f1db2mfm8syb8qvc357c53slbvf1g9m9-my-hello-2.10\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:545
msgid "We've gone as far as we could without any knowledge of Scheme.  Before moving on to more complex packages, now is the right time to brush up on your Scheme knowledge.  @pxref{A Scheme Crash Course} to get up to speed."
msgstr "Nous sommes allés aussi loin que possible sans aucune connaissance de Scheme. Avant de continuer sur des paquets plus complexes, il est maintenant temps de vous renforcer sur votre connaissance du langage Scheme. @pxref{A Scheme Crash Course} pour démarrer."

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:546 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:547
#, no-wrap
msgid "Setup"
msgstr "Configuration"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:552
msgid "In the rest of this chapter we will rely on some basic Scheme programming knowledge.  Now let's detail the different possible setups for working on Guix packages."
msgstr "Dans le reste de ce chapitre, nous nous appuierons sur vos connaissances de base du langage Scheme. Maintenant voyons les différentes configurations possibles pour travailler sur des paquets Guix."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:554
msgid "There are several ways to set up a Guix packaging environment."
msgstr "Il y a plusieurs moyens de mettre en place un environnement d'empaquetage pour Guix."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:557
msgid "We recommend you work directly on the Guix source checkout since it makes it easier for everyone to contribute to the project."
msgstr "Nous vous recommandons de travailler directement dans le dépôt des sources de Guix car ça facilitera la contribution au projet."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:559
msgid "But first, let's look at other possibilities."
msgstr "Mais d'bord, voyons les autres possibilités."

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:560 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:561
#, no-wrap
msgid "Local file"
msgstr "Fichier local"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:566
msgid "This is what we previously did with @samp{my-hello}.  With the Scheme basics we've covered, we are now able to explain the leading chunks.  As stated in @code{guix package --help}:"
msgstr "C'est ce que nous venons de faire avec @samp{my-hello}. Avec les bases de Scheme que nous vous avons présentées, nous pouvons maintenant éclairer le sens du début du fichier. Comme le dit @code{guix package --help} :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:571
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"  -f, --install-from-file=FILE\n"
"                         install the package that the code within FILE\n"
"                         evaluates to\n"
msgstr ""
"  -f, --install-from-file=FICHIER\n"
"                         installer le paquet évalué par le code dans\n"
"                         FICHIER\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:575
msgid "Thus the last expression @emph{must} return a package, which is the case in our earlier example."
msgstr "Ainsi, la dernière expression @emph{doit} renvoyer un paquet, ce qui est le cas dans notre exemple précédent."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:579
msgid "The @code{use-modules} expression tells which of the modules we need in the file.  Modules are a collection of values and procedures.  They are commonly called ``libraries'' or ``packages'' in other programming languages."
msgstr "L'expression @code{use-modules} indique quels modules sont nécessaires dans le fichier. Les modules sont des collections de valeurs et de procédures. Ils sont souvent appelés « bibliothèques » ou « paquets » dans d'autres langages de programmation."

#. type: node
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:580
#, no-wrap
msgid "@samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}"
msgstr "@samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}"

#. type: samp{#1}
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:581
#, no-wrap
msgid "GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH"
msgstr "GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH"

#. type: emph{#1}
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:585
msgid "Note: Starting from Guix 0.16, the more flexible Guix @dfn{channels} are the preferred way and supersede @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}.  See next section."
msgstr "Remarque : à partir de Guix 0.16, les @dfn{canaux} plus flexibles sont préférables et remplacent @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH}. Voir la section suivante."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:589
msgid "It can be tedious to specify the file from the command line instead of simply calling @code{guix package --install my-hello} as you would do with the official packages."
msgstr "Il peut être fastidieux de spécifier le fichier depuis la ligne de commande par rapport à un appel à @code{guix package --install my-hello} comme on le ferait pour les paquets officiels."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:592
msgid "Guix makes it possible to streamline the process by adding as many ``package declaration directories'' as you want."
msgstr "Guix permet d'uniformiser le processus en ajoutant autant de « répertoires de déclaration de paquets » que vous le souhaitez."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:595
msgid "Create a directory, say @file{~./guix-packages} and add it to the @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} environment variable:"
msgstr "Créez un répertoire, disons @file{~/guix-packages} et ajoutez-le à la variable d'environnement @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:599
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ mkdir ~/guix-packages\n"
"$ export GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH=~/guix-packages\n"
msgstr ""
"$ mkdir ~/guix-packages\n"
"$ export GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH=~/guix-packages\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:602
msgid "To add several directories, separate them with a colon (@code{:})."
msgstr "Pour ajouter plusieurs répertoires, séparez-les avec un deux-points (@code{:})."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:604
msgid "Our previous @samp{my-hello} needs some adjustments though:"
msgstr "Notre @samp{my-hello} précédent doit être légèrement ajusté :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:611
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-module (my-hello)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix licenses)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix packages)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix build-system gnu)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix download))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-module (my-hello)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix licenses)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix packages)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix build-system gnu)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix download))\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:631
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-public my-hello\n"
"  (package\n"
"    (name \"my-hello\")\n"
"    (version \"2.10\")\n"
"    (source (origin\n"
"              (method url-fetch)\n"
"              (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
"                                  \".tar.gz\"))\n"
"              (sha256\n"
"               (base32\n"
"                \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
"    (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
"    (synopsis \"Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package\")\n"
"    (description\n"
"     \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits.  It\n"
"serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices.  As such, it supports\n"
"command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
"    (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
"    (license gpl3+)))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-public my-hello\n"
"  (package\n"
"    (name \"my-hello\")\n"
"    (version \"2.10\")\n"
"    (source (origin\n"
"              (method url-fetch)\n"
"              (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnu/hello/hello-\" version\n"
"                                  \".tar.gz\"))\n"
"              (sha256\n"
"               (base32\n"
"                \"0ssi1wpaf7plaswqqjwigppsg5fyh99vdlb9kzl7c9lng89ndq1i\"))))\n"
"    (build-system gnu-build-system)\n"
"    (synopsis \"Hello, Guix world: An example custom Guix package\")\n"
"    (description\n"
"     \"GNU Hello prints the message \\\"Hello, world!\\\" and then exits.  It\n"
"serves as an example of standard GNU coding practices.  As such, it supports\n"
"command-line arguments, multiple languages, and so on.\")\n"
"    (home-page \"https://www.gnu.org/software/hello/\")\n"
"    (license gpl3+)))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:637
msgid "Note that we have assigned the package value to an exported variable name with @code{define-public}.  This is effectively assigning the package to the @code{my-hello} variable so that it can be referenced, among other as dependency of other packages."
msgstr "Remarquez que nous avons assigné la valeur du paquet à un nom de variable exportée avec @code{define-public}. Cela assigne en fait le paquet à la variable @code{my-hello} pour qu'elle puisse être utilisée, par exemple en dépendance d'un autre paquet."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:642
msgid "If you use @code{guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm} on the above file, it will fail because the last expression, @code{define-public}, does not return a package.  If you want to use @code{define-public} in this use-case nonetheless, make sure the file ends with an evaluation of @code{my-hello}:"
msgstr "Si vous utilisez @code{guix package --install-from-file=my-hello.scm} avec le fichier précédent, la commande échouera car la dernière expression, @code{define-public}, ne renvoie pas un paquet. Si vous voulez utiliser @code{define-public} dans ce cas tout de même, assurez-vous que le fichier termine par une évaluation de @code{my-hello} :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:648
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"; ...\n"
"(define-public my-hello\n"
"  ; ...\n"
"  )\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"; ...\n"
"(define-public my-hello\n"
"  ; ...\n"
"  )\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:650
#, no-wrap
msgid "my-hello\n"
msgstr "my-hello\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:653
msgid "This last example is not very typical."
msgstr "Ce dernier exemple n'est pas très typique."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:656
msgid "Now @samp{my-hello} should be part of the package collection like all other official packages.  You can verify this with:"
msgstr "Maintenant @samp{my-hello} devrait faire partie de la collection de paquets comme tous les paquets officiels. Vous pouvez le vérifier avec :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:659
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ guix package --show=my-hello\n"
msgstr "$ guix package --show=my-hello\n"

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:661 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:662
#, no-wrap
msgid "Guix channels"
msgstr "Canaux Guix"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:668
msgid "Guix 0.16 features channels, which is very similar to @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} but provides better integration and provenance tracking.  Channels are not necessarily local, they can be maintained as a public Git repository for instance.  Of course, several channels can be used at the same time."
msgstr "Guix 0.16 a introduit la notion de canaux, qui sont similaires à @samp{GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH} mais fournit une meilleure intégration et un meilleur suivi de la provenance. Les canaux ne sont pas nécessairement locaux et ils peuvent être maintenus dans un dépôt Git public par exemple. Bien sûr, vous pouvez utiliser plusieurs canaux en même temps."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:670
msgid "@xref{Channels,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for setup details."
msgstr "@xref{Canaux,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix} pour des détails sur la mise en place des canaux."

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:671 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:672
#, no-wrap
msgid "Direct checkout hacking"
msgstr "Bidouillage direct dans le dépôt git"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:677
msgid "Working directly on the Guix project is recommended: it reduces the friction when the time comes to submit your changes upstream to let the community benefit from your hard work!"
msgstr "Nous vous recommandons de travailler directement sur le projet Guix : cela réduit le travail nécessaire quand vous voudrez soumettre vos changements en amont pour que la communauté puisse bénéficier de votre dur labeur !"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:683
msgid "Unlike most software distributions, the Guix repository holds in one place both the tooling (including the package manager) and the package definitions.  This choice was made so that it would give developers the flexibility to modify the API without breakage by updating all packages at the same time.  This reduces development inertia."
msgstr "Contrairement à la plupart des distributions logiciels, le dépôt Guix contient à la fois les outils (dont le gestionnaire de paquets) et les définitions des paquets. Nous avons fait ce choix pour permettre aux développeurs et développeuses de profiter de plus de flexibilité pour changer l'API sans rien casser, en mettant à jour tous les paquets en même temps. Cela réduit l'inertie dans le développement."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:685
msgid "Check out the official @uref{https://git-scm.com/, Git} repository:"
msgstr "Clonez le dépôt @uref{https://git-scm.com/, Git} officiel :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:688
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ git clone https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/guix.git\n"
msgstr "$ git clone https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/guix.git\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:692
msgid "In the rest of this article, we use @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT} to refer to the location of the checkout."
msgstr "Dans le reste de cet article, nous utiliserons @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT} pour faire référence à l'emplacement de ce clone."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:696
msgid "Follow the instructions in the manual (@pxref{Contributing,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}) to set up the repository environment."
msgstr "Suivez les instructions du manuel (@pxref{Contribuer,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}) pour mettre en place l'environnement du dépôt."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:699
msgid "Once ready, you should be able to use the package definitions from the repository environment."
msgstr "Une fois prêts, vous devriez pouvoir utiliser les définitions des paquets de l'environnement du dépôt."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:701
msgid "Feel free to edit package definitions found in @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/gnu/packages}."
msgstr "N'ayez pas peur de modifier les définitions des paquets que vous trouverez dans @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/gnu/packages}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:705
msgid "The @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/pre-inst-env} script lets you use @samp{guix} over the package collection of the repository (@pxref{Running Guix Before It Is Installed,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
msgstr "Le script @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/pre-inst-env} vous permet d'utiliser @samp{guix} sur la collection de paquets du dépôt (@pxref{Lancer Guix avant qu’il ne soit installé,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:709
msgid "Search packages, such as Ruby:"
msgstr "Recherchez des paquets, comme Ruby :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:716
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"  $ cd $GUIX_CHECKOUT\n"
"  $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --list-available=ruby\n"
"      ruby    1.8.7-p374      out     gnu/packages/ruby.scm:119:2\n"
"      ruby    2.1.6   out     gnu/packages/ruby.scm:91:2\n"
"      ruby    2.2.2   out     gnu/packages/ruby.scm:39:2\n"
msgstr ""
"  $ cd $GUIX_CHECKOUT\n"
"  $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --list-available=ruby\n"
"      ruby    1.8.7-p374      out     gnu/packages/ruby.scm:119:2\n"
"      ruby    2.1.6   out     gnu/packages/ruby.scm:91:2\n"
"      ruby    2.2.2   out     gnu/packages/ruby.scm:39:2\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:720
msgid "Build a package, here Ruby version 2.1:"
msgstr "Construisez un paquet, ici Ruby version 2.1 :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:724
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"  $ ./pre-inst-env guix build --keep-failed ruby@@2.1\n"
"  /gnu/store/c13v73jxmj2nir2xjqaz5259zywsa9zi-ruby-2.1.6\n"
msgstr ""
"  $ ./pre-inst-env guix build --keep-failed ruby@@2.1\n"
"  /gnu/store/c13v73jxmj2nir2xjqaz5259zywsa9zi-ruby-2.1.6\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:728
msgid "Install it to your user profile:"
msgstr "Installez-le dans votre profil utilisateur :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:731
#, no-wrap
msgid "  $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --install ruby@@2.1\n"
msgstr "  $ ./pre-inst-env guix package --install ruby@@2.1\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:735
msgid "Check for common mistakes:"
msgstr "Vérifiez que vous n'avez pas fait l'une des erreurs courantes :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:738
#, no-wrap
msgid "  $ ./pre-inst-env guix lint ruby@@2.1\n"
msgstr "  $ ./pre-inst-env guix lint ruby@@2.1\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:743
msgid "Guix strives at maintaining a high packaging standard; when contributing to the Guix project, remember to"
msgstr "Guix essaye de maintenir un bon standard d'empaquetage ; quand vous contribuez au projet Guix, rappelez-vous de"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:747
msgid "follow the coding style (@pxref{Coding Style,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}),"
msgstr "suivre le style de code (@pxref{Style de code,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}),"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:749
msgid "and review the check list from the manual (@pxref{Submitting Patches,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
msgstr "et de vérifier la check-list du manuel (@pxref{Envoyer des correctifs,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:753
msgid "Once you are happy with the result, you are welcome to send your contribution to make it part of Guix.  This process is also detailed in the manual.  (@pxref{Contributing,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})"
msgstr "Une fois que vous êtes satisfait du résultat, vous pouvez envoyer votre contribution pour qu'elle rentre dans Guix. Ce processus est aussi détaillé dans le manuel (@pxref{Contribuer,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:756
msgid "It's a community effort so the more join in, the better Guix becomes!"
msgstr "Guix est un projet communautaire, donc plus on est de fous, plus on rit !"

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:757 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:758
#, no-wrap
msgid "Extended example"
msgstr "Exemple avancé"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:763
msgid "The above ``Hello World'' example is as simple as it goes.  Packages can be more complex than that and Guix can handle more advanced scenarios.  Let's look at another, more sophisticated package (slightly modified from the source):"
msgstr "L'exemple « Hello World » précédent est le plus simple possible. Les paquets peuvent devenir plus complexes que cela et Guix peut gérer des scénarios plus avancés. Voyons un autre paquet plus sophistiqué (légèrement modifié à partir des sources) :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:777
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-module (gnu packages version-control)\n"
"  #:use-module ((guix licenses) #:prefix license:)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix utils)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix packages)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix git-download)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix build-system cmake)\n"
"  #:use-module (gnu packages ssh)\n"
"  #:use-module (gnu packages web)\n"
"  #:use-module (gnu packages pkg-config)\n"
"  #:use-module (gnu packages python)\n"
"  #:use-module (gnu packages compression)\n"
"  #:use-module (gnu packages tls))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-module (gnu packages version-control)\n"
"  #:use-module ((guix licenses) #:prefix license:)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix utils)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix packages)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix git-download)\n"
"  #:use-module (guix build-system cmake)\n"
"  #:use-module (gnu packages ssh)\n"
"  #:use-module (gnu packages web)\n"
"  #:use-module (gnu packages pkg-config)\n"
"  #:use-module (gnu packages python)\n"
"  #:use-module (gnu packages compression)\n"
"  #:use-module (gnu packages tls))\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:837
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-public my-libgit2\n"
"  (let ((commit \"e98d0a37c93574d2c6107bf7f31140b548c6a7bf\")\n"
"        (revision \"1\"))\n"
"    (package\n"
"      (name \"my-libgit2\")\n"
"      (version (git-version \"0.26.6\" revision commit))\n"
"      (source (origin\n"
"                (method git-fetch)\n"
"                (uri (git-reference\n"
"                      (url \"https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/\")\n"
"                      (commit commit)))\n"
"                (file-name (git-file-name name version))\n"
"                (sha256\n"
"                 (base32\n"
"                  \"17pjvprmdrx4h6bb1hhc98w9qi6ki7yl57f090n9kbhswxqfs7s3\"))\n"
"                (patches (search-patches \"libgit2-mtime-0.patch\"))\n"
"                (modules '((guix build utils)))\n"
"                (snippet '(begin\n"
"                            ;; Remove bundled software.\n"
"                            (delete-file-recursively \"deps\")\n"
"                            #true))))\n"
"      (build-system cmake-build-system)\n"
"      (outputs '(\"out\" \"debug\"))\n"
"      (arguments\n"
"       `(#:tests? #true                         ; Run the test suite (this is the default)\n"
"         #:configure-flags '(\"-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON\") ; SHA-1 collision detection\n"
"         #:phases\n"
"         (modify-phases %standard-phases\n"
"           (add-after 'unpack 'fix-hardcoded-paths\n"
"             (lambda _\n"
"               (substitute* \"tests/repo/init.c\"\n"
"                 ((\"#!/bin/sh\") (string-append \"#!\" (which \"sh\"))))\n"
"               (substitute* \"tests/clar/fs.h\"\n"
"                 ((\"/bin/cp\") (which \"cp\"))\n"
"                 ((\"/bin/rm\") (which \"rm\")))\n"
"               #true))\n"
"           ;; Run checks more verbosely.\n"
"           (replace 'check\n"
"             (lambda _ (invoke \"./libgit2_clar\" \"-v\" \"-Q\")))\n"
"           (add-after 'unpack 'make-files-writable-for-tests\n"
"             (lambda _ (for-each make-file-writable (find-files \".\" \".*\")))))))\n"
"      (inputs\n"
"       `((\"libssh2\" ,libssh2)\n"
"         (\"http-parser\" ,http-parser)\n"
"         (\"python\" ,python-wrapper)))\n"
"      (native-inputs\n"
"       `((\"pkg-config\" ,pkg-config)))\n"
"      (propagated-inputs\n"
"       ;; These two libraries are in 'Requires.private' in libgit2.pc.\n"
"       `((\"openssl\" ,openssl)\n"
"         (\"zlib\" ,zlib)))\n"
"      (home-page \"https://libgit2.github.com/\")\n"
"      (synopsis \"Library providing Git core methods\")\n"
"      (description\n"
"       \"Libgit2 is a portable, pure C implementation of the Git core methods\n"
"provided as a re-entrant linkable library with a solid API, allowing you to\n"
"write native speed custom Git applications in any language with bindings.\")\n"
"      ;; GPLv2 with linking exception\n"
"      (license license:gpl2))))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-public my-libgit2\n"
"  (let ((commit \"e98d0a37c93574d2c6107bf7f31140b548c6a7bf\")\n"
"        (revision \"1\"))\n"
"    (package\n"
"      (name \"my-libgit2\")\n"
"      (version (git-version \"0.26.6\" revision commit))\n"
"      (source (origin\n"
"                (method git-fetch)\n"
"                (uri (git-reference\n"
"                      (url \"https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/\")\n"
"                      (commit commit)))\n"
"                (file-name (git-file-name name version))\n"
"                (sha256\n"
"                 (base32\n"
"                  \"17pjvprmdrx4h6bb1hhc98w9qi6ki7yl57f090n9kbhswxqfs7s3\"))\n"
"                (patches (search-patches \"libgit2-mtime-0.patch\"))\n"
"                (modules '((guix build utils)))\n"
"                (snippet '(begin\n"
"                            ;; Remove bundled software.\n"
"                            (delete-file-recursively \"deps\")\n"
"                            #true))))\n"
"      (build-system cmake-build-system)\n"
"      (outputs '(\"out\" \"debug\"))\n"
"      (arguments\n"
"       `(#:tests? #true                         ; Run the test suite (this is the default)\n"
"         #:configure-flags '(\"-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON\") ; SHA-1 collision detection\n"
"         #:phases\n"
"         (modify-phases %standard-phases\n"
"           (add-after 'unpack 'fix-hardcoded-paths\n"
"             (lambda _\n"
"               (substitute* \"tests/repo/init.c\"\n"
"                 ((\"#!/bin/sh\") (string-append \"#!\" (which \"sh\"))))\n"
"               (substitute* \"tests/clar/fs.h\"\n"
"                 ((\"/bin/cp\") (which \"cp\"))\n"
"                 ((\"/bin/rm\") (which \"rm\")))\n"
"               #true))\n"
"           ;; Run checks more verbosely.\n"
"           (replace 'check\n"
"             (lambda _ (invoke \"./libgit2_clar\" \"-v\" \"-Q\")))\n"
"           (add-after 'unpack 'make-files-writable-for-tests\n"
"             (lambda _ (for-each make-file-writable (find-files \".\" \".*\")))))))\n"
"      (inputs\n"
"       `((\"libssh2\" ,libssh2)\n"
"         (\"http-parser\" ,http-parser)\n"
"         (\"python\" ,python-wrapper)))\n"
"      (native-inputs\n"
"       `((\"pkg-config\" ,pkg-config)))\n"
"      (propagated-inputs\n"
"       ;; These two libraries are in 'Requires.private' in libgit2.pc.\n"
"       `((\"openssl\" ,openssl)\n"
"         (\"zlib\" ,zlib)))\n"
"      (home-page \"https://libgit2.github.com/\")\n"
"      (synopsis \"Library providing Git core methods\")\n"
"      (description\n"
"       \"Libgit2 is a portable, pure C implementation of the Git core methods\n"
"provided as a re-entrant linkable library with a solid API, allowing you to\n"
"write native speed custom Git applications in any language with bindings.\")\n"
"      ;; GPLv2 with linking exception\n"
"      (license license:gpl2))))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:842
msgid "(In those cases were you only want to tweak a few fields from a package definition, you should rely on inheritance instead of copy-pasting everything.  See below.)"
msgstr "(Dans les cas où vous voulez seulement changer quelques champs d'une définition de paquets, vous devriez utiliser l'héritage au lieu de tout copier-coller. Voir plus bas.)"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:844
msgid "Let's discuss those fields in depth."
msgstr "Parlons maintenant de ces champs en détail."

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:845
#, no-wrap
msgid "@code{git-fetch} method"
msgstr "La méthode @code{git-fetch}"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:852
msgid "Unlike the @code{url-fetch} method, @code{git-fetch} expects a @code{git-reference} which takes a Git repository and a commit.  The commit can be any Git reference such as tags, so if the @code{version} is tagged, then it can be used directly.  Sometimes the tag is prefixed with a @code{v}, in which case you'd use @code{(commit (string-append \"v\" version))}."
msgstr "Contrairement à la méthode @code{url-fetch}, @code{git-fetch} a besoin d'un @code{git-reference} qui prend un dépôt Git et un commit. Le commit peut être n'importe quelle référence Git comme des tags, donc si la @code{version} a un tag associé, vous pouvez l'utiliser directement. Parfois le tag est précédé de @code{v}, auquel cas vous pouvez utiliser @code{(commit (string-append \"v\" version))}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:856
msgid "To ensure that the source code from the Git repository is stored in a directory with a descriptive name, we use @code{(file-name (git-file-name name version))}."
msgstr "Pour vous assurer que le code source du dépôt Git est stocké dans un répertoire avec un nom descriptif, utilisez @code{(file-name (git-file-name name version))}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:861
msgid "The @code{git-version} procedure can be used to derive the version when packaging programs for a specific commit, following the Guix contributor guidelines (@pxref{Version Numbers,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
msgstr "Vous pouvez utiliser la procédure @code{git-version} pour calculer la version quand vous empaquetez des programmes pour un commit spécifique, en suivant le guide de contribution (@pxref{Numéros de version,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:865
msgid "How does one obtain the @code{sha256} hash that's in there, you ask? By invoking @command{guix hash} on a checkout of the desired commit, along these lines:"
msgstr "Comment obtenir le hash @code{sha256}, vous demandez-vous ? En invoquant @command{guix hash} sur un clone du commit voulu, de cette manière :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:871
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"git clone https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/\n"
"cd libgit2\n"
"git checkout v0.26.6\n"
"guix hash -rx .\n"
msgstr ""
"git clone https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/\n"
"cd libgit2\n"
"git checkout v0.26.6\n"
"guix hash -rx .\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:876
msgid "@command{guix hash -rx} computes a SHA256 hash over the whole directory, excluding the @file{.git} sub-directory (@pxref{Invoking guix hash,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
msgstr "@command{guix hash -rx} calcul un SHA256 sur le répertoire entier, en excluant le sous-répertoire @file{.git} (@pxref{Invoquer guix hash,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix})."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:879
msgid "In the future, @command{guix download} will hopefully be able to do these steps for you, just like it does for regular downloads."
msgstr "Dans le futur, @command{guix download} sera sans doute capable de faire cela pour vous, comme il le fait pour les téléchargements directs."

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:880
#, no-wrap
msgid "Snippets"
msgstr "Les bouts de code"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:886
msgid "Snippets are quoted (i.e. non-evaluated) Scheme code that are a means of patching the source.  They are a Guix-y alternative to the traditional @file{.patch} files.  Because of the quote, the code in only evaluated when passed to the Guix daemon for building.  There can be as many snippets as needed."
msgstr "Les bouts de code (snippet) sont des fragments quotés (c.-à-d. non évalués) de code Scheme utilisés pour modifier les sources. C'est une alternative aux fichiers @file{.patch} traditionnels, plus proche de l'esprit de Guix. À cause de la quote, le code n'est évalué que lorsqu'il est passé au démon Guix pour la construction. Il peut y avoir autant de bout de code que nécessaire."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:889
msgid "Snippets might need additional Guile modules which can be imported from the @code{modules} field."
msgstr "Les bouts de code on parfois besoin de modules Guile supplémentaires qui peuvent être importés dans le champ @code{modules}."

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:890
#, no-wrap
msgid "Inputs"
msgstr "Entrées"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:893
msgid "First, a syntactic comment: See the quasi-quote / comma syntax?"
msgstr "Tout d'abord, un commentaire sur la syntaxe : vous voyez la quasiquote (la virgule) ?"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:897
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    (native-inputs\n"
"     `((\"pkg-config\" ,pkg-config)))\n"
msgstr ""
"    (native-inputs\n"
"     `((\"pkg-config\" ,pkg-config)))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:900
msgid "is equivalent to"
msgstr "est équivalent à"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:904
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    (native-inputs\n"
"     (list (list \"pkg-config\" pkg-config)))\n"
msgstr ""
"    (native-inputs\n"
"     (list (list \"pkg-config\" pkg-config)))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:907
msgid "You'll mostly see the former because it's shorter."
msgstr "Vous verrez surtout la première forme car elle est plus courte."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:909
msgid "There are 3 different input types.  In short:"
msgstr "Il y a trois types d'entrées. En résumé :"

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:911
#, no-wrap
msgid "native-inputs"
msgstr "native-inputs"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:914
msgid "Required for building but not runtime -- installing a package through a substitute won't install these inputs."
msgstr "Requis pour construire mais pas à l'exécution -- installer un paquet avec un substitut n'installera pas ces entrées."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:914
#, no-wrap
msgid "inputs"
msgstr "inputs"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:917
msgid "Installed in the store but not in the profile, as well as being present at build time."
msgstr "Installées dans le dépôt mais pas dans le profil, et présentes à la construction."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:917
#, no-wrap
msgid "propagated-inputs"
msgstr "propagated-inputs"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:920
msgid "Installed in the store and in the profile, as well as being present at build time."
msgstr "Installées dans le dépôt et dans le profil, et présentes à la construction."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:923
msgid "@xref{Package Reference,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for more details."
msgstr "@xref{Référence de package,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix} pour plus de détails."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:927
msgid "The distinction between the various inputs is important: if a dependency can be handled as an @emph{input} instead of a @emph{propagated input}, it should be done so, or else it ``pollutes'' the user profile for no good reason."
msgstr "La différence entre les différents types d'entrées est importante : si une dépendance peut être utilisée comme @emph{entrée} plutôt que comme @emph{entrée propagée}, il faut faire ça, sinon elle « polluera » le profil utilisateur sans raison."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:934
msgid "For instance, a user installing a graphical program that depends on a command line tool might only be interested in the graphical part, so there is no need to force the command line tool into the user profile.  The dependency is a concern to the package, not to the user.  @emph{Inputs} make it possible to handle dependencies without bugging the user by adding undesired executable files (or libraries) to their profile."
msgstr "Par exemple, si vous installez un programme graphique qui dépend d'un outil en ligne de commande, vous êtes probablement intéressé uniquement par la partie graphique, donc inutile de forcer l'outil en ligne de commande à être présent dans le profil utilisateur. Les dépendances sont gérés par les paquets, pas par les utilisateurs et utilisatrices. Les @emph{entrées} permettent de gérer les dépendances sans ennuyer les utilisateurs et utilisatrices en ajoutant des fichiers exécutables (ou bibliothèque) inutiles dans leur profil."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:940
msgid "Same goes for @emph{native-inputs}: once the program is installed, build-time dependencies can be safely garbage-collected.  It also matters when a substitute is available, in which case only the @emph{inputs} and @emph{propagated inputs} will be fetched: the @emph{native inputs} are not required to install a package from a substitute."
msgstr "Pareil pour @emph{native-inputs} : une fois le programme installé, les dépendances à la construction peuvent être supprimées sans problème par le ramasse-miettes. Lorsqu'un substitut est disponible, seuls les @emph{entrées} et les @emph{entrées propagées} sont récupérées : les @emph{entrées natives} ne sont pas requises pour installer un paquet à partir d'un substitut."

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:941
#, no-wrap
msgid "Outputs"
msgstr "Sorties"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:945
msgid "Just like how a package can have multiple inputs, it can also produce multiple outputs."
msgstr "De la même manière qu'un paquet peut avoir plusieurs entrées, il peut aussi avoir plusieurs sorties."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:947
msgid "Each output corresponds to a separate directory in the store."
msgstr "Chaque sortie correspond à un répertoire différent dans le dépôt."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:950
msgid "The user can choose which output to install; this is useful to save space or to avoid polluting the user profile with unwanted executables or libraries."
msgstr "Vous pouvez choisir quelle sortie installer ; c'est utile pour préserver l'espace disque et éviter de polluer le profil utilisateur avec des exécutables et des bibliothèques inutiles."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:953
msgid "Output separation is optional.  When the @code{outputs} field is left out, the default and only output (the complete package) is referred to as @code{\"out\"}."
msgstr "La séparation des sorties est facultative. Lorsque le champ @code{outputs} n'est pas spécifié, l'unique sortie par défaut (le paquet complet donc) est @code{\"out\"}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:955
msgid "Typical separate output names include @code{debug} and @code{doc}."
msgstr "Les sorties séparées sont en général @code{debug} et @code{doc}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:959
msgid "It's advised to separate outputs only when you've shown it's worth it: if the output size is significant (compare with @code{guix size}) or in case the package is modular."
msgstr "Vous devriez séparer les sorties seulement si vous pouvez montrer que c'est utile : si la taille de la sortie est importante (vous pouvez comparer avec @code{guix size}) ou si le paquet est modulaire."

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:960
#, no-wrap
msgid "Build system arguments"
msgstr "Arguments du système de construction"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:963
msgid "The @code{arguments} is a keyword-value list used to configure the build process."
msgstr "Le champ @code{arguments} est une liste de mot-clés et de valeurs utilisés pour configurer le processus de construction."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:968
msgid "The simplest argument @code{#:tests?} can be used to disable the test suite when building the package.  This is mostly useful when the package does not feature any test suite.  It's strongly recommended to keep the test suite on if there is one."
msgstr "L'argument le plus simple est @code{#:tests?} et on l'utilise pour désactiver la suite de tests pendant la construction du paquet. C'est surtout utile si le paquet n'a pas de suite de tests. Nous vous recommandons fortement de laisser tourner la suite de tests s'il y en a une."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:972
msgid "Another common argument is @code{:make-flags}, which specifies a list of flags to append when running make, as you would from the command line.  For instance, the following flags"
msgstr "Un autre argument courant est @code{#:make-flags}, qui spécifie une liste de drapeaux à ajouter en lançant make, comme ce que vous feriez sur la ligne de commande. Par exemple, les drapeaux suivants"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:976
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#:make-flags (list (string-append \"prefix=\" (assoc-ref %outputs \"out\"))\n"
"                   \"CC=gcc\")\n"
msgstr ""
"#:make-flags (list (string-append \"prefix=\" (assoc-ref %outputs \"out\"))\n"
"                   \"CC=gcc\")\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:979
msgid "translate into"
msgstr "se traduisent en"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:982
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ make CC=gcc prefix=/gnu/store/...-<out>\n"
msgstr "$ make CC=gcc prefix=/gnu/store/...-<out>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:988
msgid "This sets the C compiler to @code{gcc} and the @code{prefix} variable (the installation directory in Make parlance) to @code{(assoc-ref %outputs \"out\")}, which is a build-stage global variable pointing to the destination directory in the store (something like @file{/gnu/store/...-my-libgit2-20180408})."
msgstr "Cela indique que le compilateur C sera @code{gcc} et la variable @code{prefix} (le répertoire d'installation pour Make) sera @code{(assoc-ref %outputs \"out\")}, qui est une variable globale côté construction qui pointe vers le répertoire de destination dans le dépôt (quelque chose comme @file{/gnu/store/…-my-libgit2-20180408})."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:990
msgid "Similarly, it's possible to set the configure flags:"
msgstr "De manière identique, vous pouvez indiquer les drapeaux de configuration :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:993
#, no-wrap
msgid "#:configure-flags '(\"-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON\")\n"
msgstr "#:configure-flags '(\"-DUSE_SHA1DC=ON\")\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:997
msgid "The @code{%build-inputs} variable is also generated in scope.  It's an association table that maps the input names to their store directories."
msgstr "La variable @code{%build-inputs} est aussi générée dans cette portée. C'est une liste d'association qui fait correspondre les noms des entrées à leur répertoire dans le dépôt."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1002
msgid "The @code{phases} keyword lists the sequential steps of the build system.  Typically phases include @code{unpack}, @code{configure}, @code{build}, @code{install} and @code{check}.  To know more about those phases, you need to work out the appropriate build system definition in @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build/gnu-build-system.scm}:"
msgstr "Le mot-clé @code{phases} liste la séquence d'étapes du système de construction. Les phases usuelles sont @code{unpack}, @code{configure}, @code{build}, @code{install} et @code{check}. Pour en savoir plus, vous devez trouver la bonne définition du système de construction dans @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build/gnu-build-system.scm} :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1021
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define %standard-phases\n"
"  ;; Standard build phases, as a list of symbol/procedure pairs.\n"
"  (let-syntax ((phases (syntax-rules ()\n"
"                         ((_ p ...) `((p . ,p) ...)))))\n"
"    (phases set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack\n"
"            bootstrap\n"
"            patch-usr-bin-file\n"
"            patch-source-shebangs configure patch-generated-file-shebangs\n"
"            build check install\n"
"            patch-shebangs strip\n"
"            validate-runpath\n"
"            validate-documentation-location\n"
"            delete-info-dir-file\n"
"            patch-dot-desktop-files\n"
"            install-license-files\n"
"            reset-gzip-timestamps\n"
"            compress-documentation)))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define %standard-phases\n"
"  ;; Standard build phases, as a list of symbol/procedure pairs.\n"
"  (let-syntax ((phases (syntax-rules ()\n"
"                         ((_ p ...) `((p . ,p) ...)))))\n"
"    (phases set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack\n"
"            bootstrap\n"
"            patch-usr-bin-file\n"
"            patch-source-shebangs configure patch-generated-file-shebangs\n"
"            build check install\n"
"            patch-shebangs strip\n"
"            validate-runpath\n"
"            validate-documentation-location\n"
"            delete-info-dir-file\n"
"            patch-dot-desktop-files\n"
"            install-license-files\n"
"            reset-gzip-timestamps\n"
"            compress-documentation)))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1024
msgid "Or from the REPL:"
msgstr "Ou depuis la REPL :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1030
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(add-to-load-path \"/path/to/guix/checkout\")\n"
",use (guix build gnu-build-system)\n"
"(map first %standard-phases)\n"
"@result{} (set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack bootstrap patch-usr-bin-file patch-source-shebangs configure patch-generated-file-shebangs build check install patch-shebangs strip validate-runpath validate-documentation-location delete-info-dir-file patch-dot-desktop-files install-license-files reset-gzip-timestamps compress-documentation)\n"
msgstr ""
"(add-to-load-path \"/path/to/guix/checkout\")\n"
",use (guix build gnu-build-system)\n"
"(map first %standard-phases)\n"
"@result{} (set-SOURCE-DATE-EPOCH set-paths install-locale unpack bootstrap patch-usr-bin-file patch-source-shebangs configure patch-generated-file-shebangs build check install patch-shebangs strip validate-runpath validate-documentation-location delete-info-dir-file patch-dot-desktop-files install-license-files reset-gzip-timestamps compress-documentation)\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1034
msgid "If you want to know more about what happens during those phases, consult the associated procedures."
msgstr "Si vous voulez en apprendre plus sur ce qui arrive pendant ces phases, consultez les procédures associées."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1037
msgid "For instance, as of this writing the definition of @code{unpack} for the GNU build system is:"
msgstr "Par exemple, au moment d'écrire ces lignes, la définition de @code{unpack} dans le système de construction de GNU est :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1047
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define* (unpack #:key source #:allow-other-keys)\n"
"  \"Unpack SOURCE in the working directory, and change directory within the\n"
"source.  When SOURCE is a directory, copy it in a sub-directory of the current\n"
"working directory.\"\n"
"  (if (file-is-directory? source)\n"
"      (begin\n"
"        (mkdir \"source\")\n"
"        (chdir \"source\")\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(define* (unpack #:key source #:allow-other-keys)\n"
"  \"Unpack SOURCE in the working directory, and change directory within the\n"
"source.  When SOURCE is a directory, copy it in a sub-directory of the current\n"
"working directory.\"\n"
"  (if (file-is-directory? source)\n"
"      (begin\n"
"        (mkdir \"source\")\n"
"        (chdir \"source\")\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1058
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"        ;; Preserve timestamps (set to the Epoch) on the copied tree so that\n"
"        ;; things work deterministically.\n"
"        (copy-recursively source \".\"\n"
"                          #:keep-mtime? #true))\n"
"      (begin\n"
"        (if (string-suffix? \".zip\" source)\n"
"            (invoke \"unzip\" source)\n"
"            (invoke \"tar\" \"xvf\" source))\n"
"        (chdir (first-subdirectory \".\"))))\n"
"  #true)\n"
msgstr ""
"        ;; Preserve timestamps (set to the Epoch) on the copied tree so that\n"
"        ;; things work deterministically.\n"
"        (copy-recursively source \".\"\n"
"                          #:keep-mtime? #true))\n"
"      (begin\n"
"        (if (string-suffix? \".zip\" source)\n"
"            (invoke \"unzip\" source)\n"
"            (invoke \"tar\" \"xvf\" source))\n"
"        (chdir (first-subdirectory \".\"))))\n"
"  #true)\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1066
msgid "Note the @code{chdir} call: it changes the working directory to where the source was unpacked.  Thus every phase following the @code{unpack} will use the source as a working directory, which is why we can directly work on the source files.  That is to say, unless a later phase changes the working directory to something else."
msgstr "Remarquez l'appel à @code{chdir} : il change de répertoire courant vers la source qui vient d'être décompressée. Ainsi toutes les phases suivantes utiliseront le répertoire des sources comme répertoire de travail, ce qui explique qu'on peut travailler directement sur les fichiers sources. Du moins, tant qu'une phase suivante ne change pas le répertoire de travail."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1070
msgid "We modify the list of @code{%standard-phases} of the build system with the @code{modify-phases} macro as per the list of specified modifications, which may have the following forms:"
msgstr "Nous modifions la liste des @code{%standard-phases} du système de construction avec la macro @code{modify-phases} qui indique la liste des modifications, sous cette formes :"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1074
msgid "@code{(add-before @var{phase} @var{new-phase} @var{procedure})}: Run @var{procedure} named @var{new-phase} before @var{phase}."
msgstr "@code{(add-before @var{phase} @var{nouvelle-phase} @var{procédure})} : Lance une @var{procédure} nommée @var{nouvelle-phase} avant @var{phase}."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1076
msgid "@code{(add-after @var{phase} @var{new-phase} @var{procedure})}: Same, but afterwards."
msgstr "@code{(add-after @var{phase} @var{nouvelle-phase} @var{procédure})} : Pareil, mais après la @var{phase}."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1078
msgid "@code{(replace @var{phase} @var{procedure})}."
msgstr "@code{(replace @var{phase} @var{procédure})}."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1080
msgid "@code{(delete @var{phase})}."
msgstr "@code{(delete @var{phase})}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1087
msgid "The @var{procedure} supports the keyword arguments @code{inputs} and @code{outputs}.  Each input (whether @emph{native}, @emph{propagated} or not) and output directory is referenced by their name in those variables.  Thus @code{(assoc-ref outputs \"out\")} is the store directory of the main output of the package.  A phase procedure may look like this:"
msgstr "La @var{procédure} prend en charge les arguments @code{inputs} et @code{outputs} sous forme de mot-clés. Les entrées (@emph{natives}, @emph{propagées} et simples) et répertoires de sortie sont référencés par leur nom dans ces variables. Ainsi @code{(assoc-ref outputs \"out\")} est le répertoire du dépôt de la sortie principale du paquet. Une procédure de phase ressemble à cela :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1095
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(lambda* (#:key inputs outputs #:allow-other-keys)\n"
"  (let ((bash-directory (assoc-ref inputs \"bash\"))\n"
"        (output-directory (assoc-ref outputs \"out\"))\n"
"        (doc-directory (assoc-ref outputs \"doc\")))\n"
"    ;; ...\n"
"    #true))\n"
msgstr ""
"(lambda* (#:key inputs outputs #:allow-other-keys)\n"
"  (let ((bash-directory (assoc-ref inputs \"bash\"))\n"
"        (output-directory (assoc-ref outputs \"out\"))\n"
"        (doc-directory (assoc-ref outputs \"doc\")))\n"
"    ;; ...\n"
"    #true))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1101
msgid "The procedure must return @code{#true} on success.  It's brittle to rely on the return value of the last expression used to tweak the phase because there is no guarantee it would be a @code{#true}.  Hence the trailing @code{#true} to ensure the right value is returned on success."
msgstr "La procédure doit renvoyer @code{#true} si elle réussit. S'appuyer sur la valeur de retour de la dernière expression n'est pas très solide parce qu'il n'y a pas de garantie qu'elle sera @code{#true}. Donc le @code{#true} à la fin permet de s'assurer que la bonne valeur est renvoyée si la phase réussit."

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1102
#, no-wrap
msgid "Code staging"
msgstr "Échelonnage de code"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1108
msgid "The astute reader may have noticed the quasi-quote and comma syntax in the argument field.  Indeed, the build code in the package declaration should not be evaluated on the client side, but only when passed to the Guix daemon.  This mechanism of passing code around two running processes is called @uref{https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.00833, code staging}."
msgstr "Si vous avez été attentif, vous aurez remarqué la quasi-quote et la virgule dans le champ argument. En effet, le code de construction dans la déclaration du paquet ne doit pas être évalué côté client, mais seulement après avoir été passé au démon Guix. Ce mécanisme de passage de code entre deux processus s'appelle @uref{https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.00833, l'échelonnage de code}."

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1109
#, no-wrap
msgid "Utility functions"
msgstr "Fonctions utilitaires"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1114
msgid "When customizing @code{phases}, we often need to write code that mimics the equivalent system invocations (@code{make}, @code{mkdir}, @code{cp}, etc.)@: commonly used during regular ``Unix-style'' installations."
msgstr "Lorsque vous modifiez les @code{phases}, vous aurez souvent besoin d'écrire du code qui ressemble aux invocation équivalentes (@code{make}, @code{mkdir}, @code{cp}, etc) couramment utilisées durant une installatio plus standard dans le monde Unix."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1117
msgid "Some like @code{chmod} are native to Guile.  @xref{,,, guile, Guile reference manual} for a complete list."
msgstr "Certaines comme @code{chmod} sont natives dans Guile. @xref{,,, guile, Guile reference manual} pour une liste complète."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1120
msgid "Guix provides additional helper functions which prove especially handy in the context of package management."
msgstr "Guix fournit des fonctions utilitaires supplémentaires qui sont particulièrement utiles pour la gestion des paquets."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1124
msgid "Some of those functions can be found in @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/guix/build/utils.scm}.  Most of them mirror the behaviour of the traditional Unix system commands:"
msgstr "Certaines de ces fonctions se trouvent dans @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/guix/build/utils.scm}. La plupart copient le comportement des commandes systèmes Unix traditionnelles :"

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1126
#, no-wrap
msgid "which"
msgstr "which"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1128
msgid "Like the @samp{which} system command."
msgstr "Fonctionne comme la commande système @samp{which}."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1128
#, no-wrap
msgid "find-files"
msgstr "find-files"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1130
msgid "Akin to the @samp{find} system command."
msgstr "Fonctionne un peu comme la commande @samp{find}."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1130
#, no-wrap
msgid "mkdir-p"
msgstr "mkdir-p"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1132
msgid "Like @samp{mkdir -p}, which creates all parents as needed."
msgstr "Fonctionne comme @samp{mkdir -p}, qui crée tous les parents si besoin."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1132
#, no-wrap
msgid "install-file"
msgstr "install-file"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1136
msgid "Similar to @samp{install} when installing a file to a (possibly non-existing) directory.  Guile has @code{copy-file} which works like @samp{cp}."
msgstr "Fonctionne comme @samp{install} pour installer un fichier vers un répertoire (éventuellement non existant). Guile a @code{copy-file} qui fonctionne comme @samp{cp}."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1136
#, no-wrap
msgid "copy-recursively"
msgstr "copy-recursively"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1138
msgid "Like @samp{cp -r}."
msgstr "Fonctionne comme @samp{cp -r}."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1138
#, no-wrap
msgid "delete-file-recursively"
msgstr "delete-file-recursively"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1140
msgid "Like @samp{rm -rf}."
msgstr "Fonctionne comme @samp{rm -rf}."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1140
#, no-wrap
msgid "invoke"
msgstr "invoke"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1142
msgid "Run an executable.  This should be used instead of @code{system*}."
msgstr "Lance un exécutable. Vous devriez utiliser cela à la place de @code{system*}."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1142
#, no-wrap
msgid "with-directory-excursion"
msgstr "with-directory-excursion"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1145
msgid "Run the body in a different working directory, then restore the previous working directory."
msgstr "Lance le corps dans un répertoire de travail différent, puis revient au répertoire de travail précédent."

#. type: item
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1145
#, no-wrap
msgid "substitute*"
msgstr "substitute*"

#. type: table
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1147
msgid "A ``@command{sed}-like'' function."
msgstr "Une fonction similaire à @command{sed}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1151
msgid "@xref{Build Utilities,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for more information on these utilities."
msgstr "@xref{Utilitaires de construction,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}, pour plus d'informations sur ces utilitaires."

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1152
#, no-wrap
msgid "Module prefix"
msgstr "Préfixe de module"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1162
msgid "The license in our last example needs a prefix: this is because of how the @code{license} module was imported in the package, as @code{#:use-module ((guix licenses)  #:prefix license:)}.  The Guile module import mechanism (@pxref{Using Guile Modules,,, guile, Guile reference manual})  gives the user full control over namespacing: this is needed to avoid clashes between, say, the @samp{zlib} variable from @samp{licenses.scm} (a @emph{license} value) and the @samp{zlib} variable from @samp{compression.scm} (a @emph{package} value)."
msgstr "La licence dans notre dernier exemple a besoin d'un préfixe à cause de la manière dont le module @code{licenses} a été importé dans le paquet, avec @code{#:use-module ((guix licenses) #:prefix license:)}. Le mécanisme d'import de module de Guile (@pxref{Using Guile Modules,,, guile, Guile reference manual}) permet de contrôler complètement l'espace de nom. Cela évite les conflits entre, disons, la variable @samp{zlib} de @samp{licenses.scm} (un @emph{licence}) et la variable @samp{zlib} de @samp{compression.scm} (un @emph{paquet})."

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1163 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1164
#, no-wrap
msgid "Other build systems"
msgstr "Autres systèmes de construction"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1171
msgid "What we've seen so far covers the majority of packages using a build system other than the @code{trivial-build-system}.  The latter does not automate anything and leaves you to build everything manually.  This can be more demanding and we won't cover it here for now, but thankfully it is rarely necessary to fall back on this system."
msgstr "Ce que nous avons vu jusqu'ici couvre la majeur partie des paquets qui utilisent un système de construction autre que @code{trivial-build-system}. Ce dernier n'automatise rien et vous laisse tout construire par vous-même. C'est plus exigeant et nous n'en parlerons pas pour l'instant, mais heureusement il est rarement nécessaire d'aller jusqu'à ces extrémités."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1175
msgid "For the other build systems, such as ASDF, Emacs, Perl, Ruby and many more, the process is very similar to the GNU build system except for a few specialized arguments."
msgstr "Pour les autres systèmes de construction, comme ASDF, Emacs, Perl, Ruby et bien d'autres, le processus est très similaire à celui du système de construction de GNU en dehors de quelques arguments spécialisés."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1180
msgid "@xref{Build Systems,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for more information on build systems, or check the source code in the @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build} and @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build-system} directories."
msgstr "@xref{Systèmes de construction,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}, pour plus d'informations sur les systèmes de construction, ou voir le code source dans les répertoires @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build} et @samp{$GUIX_CHECKOUT/guix/build-system}."

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1181 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1182
#, no-wrap
msgid "Programmable and automated package definition"
msgstr "Définition programmable et automatisée"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1186
msgid "We can't repeat it enough: having a full-fledged programming language at hand empowers us in ways that reach far beyond traditional package management."
msgstr "Nous ne le répéterons jamais assez : avoir un langage de programmation complet à disposition nous permet de faire bien plus de choses que la gestion de paquets traditionnelle."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1188
msgid "Let's illustrate this with some awesome features of Guix!"
msgstr "Illustrons cela avec certaines fonctionnalités géniales de Guix !"

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1189 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1190
#, no-wrap
msgid "Recursive importers"
msgstr "Les importateurs récursifs"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1197
msgid "You might find some build systems good enough that there is little to do at all to write a package, to the point that it becomes repetitive and tedious after a while.  A @emph{raison d'être} of computers is to replace human beings at those boring tasks.  So let's tell Guix to do this for us and create the package definition of an R package from CRAN (the output is trimmed for conciseness):"
msgstr "Certains systèmes de constructions sont si bons qu'il n'y a presque rien à écrire pour créer un paquet, au point que cela devient rapidement répétitif et pénible. L'une des raisons d'être des ordinateurs est de remplacer les êtres humains pour ces taches barbantes. Disons donc à Guix de faire cela pour nous et de créer les définitions de paquets pour un paquet R venant de CRAN (la sortie est coupée par souci de place) :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1200
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ guix import cran --recursive walrus\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"$ guix import cran --recursive walrus\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1204
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-public r-mc2d\n"
"    ; ...\n"
"    (license gpl2+)))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-public r-mc2d\n"
"    ; ...\n"
"    (license gpl2+)))\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1208
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-public r-jmvcore\n"
"    ; ...\n"
"    (license gpl2+)))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-public r-jmvcore\n"
"    ; ...\n"
"    (license gpl2+)))\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1212
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-public r-wrs2\n"
"    ; ...\n"
"    (license gpl3)))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-public r-wrs2\n"
"    ; ...\n"
"    (license gpl3)))\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1241
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-public r-walrus\n"
"  (package\n"
"    (name \"r-walrus\")\n"
"    (version \"1.0.3\")\n"
"    (source\n"
"      (origin\n"
"        (method url-fetch)\n"
"        (uri (cran-uri \"walrus\" version))\n"
"        (sha256\n"
"          (base32\n"
"            \"1nk2glcvy4hyksl5ipq2mz8jy4fss90hx6cq98m3w96kzjni6jjj\"))))\n"
"    (build-system r-build-system)\n"
"    (propagated-inputs\n"
"      `((\"r-ggplot2\" ,r-ggplot2)\n"
"        (\"r-jmvcore\" ,r-jmvcore)\n"
"        (\"r-r6\" ,r-r6)\n"
"        (\"r-wrs2\" ,r-wrs2)))\n"
"    (home-page \"https://github.com/jamovi/walrus\")\n"
"    (synopsis \"Robust Statistical Methods\")\n"
"    (description\n"
"      \"This package provides a toolbox of common robust statistical\n"
"tests, including robust descriptives, robust t-tests, and robust ANOVA.\n"
"It is also available as a module for 'jamovi' (see\n"
"<https://www.jamovi.org> for more information).  Walrus is based on the\n"
"WRS2 package by Patrick Mair, which is in turn based on the scripts and\n"
"work of Rand Wilcox.  These analyses are described in depth in the book\n"
"'Introduction to Robust Estimation & Hypothesis Testing'.\")\n"
"    (license gpl3)))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-public r-walrus\n"
"  (package\n"
"    (name \"r-walrus\")\n"
"    (version \"1.0.3\")\n"
"    (source\n"
"      (origin\n"
"        (method url-fetch)\n"
"        (uri (cran-uri \"walrus\" version))\n"
"        (sha256\n"
"          (base32\n"
"            \"1nk2glcvy4hyksl5ipq2mz8jy4fss90hx6cq98m3w96kzjni6jjj\"))))\n"
"    (build-system r-build-system)\n"
"    (propagated-inputs\n"
"      `((\"r-ggplot2\" ,r-ggplot2)\n"
"        (\"r-jmvcore\" ,r-jmvcore)\n"
"        (\"r-r6\" ,r-r6)\n"
"        (\"r-wrs2\" ,r-wrs2)))\n"
"    (home-page \"https://github.com/jamovi/walrus\")\n"
"    (synopsis \"Robust Statistical Methods\")\n"
"    (description\n"
"      \"This package provides a toolbox of common robust statistical\n"
"tests, including robust descriptives, robust t-tests, and robust ANOVA.\n"
"It is also available as a module for 'jamovi' (see\n"
"<https://www.jamovi.org> for more information).  Walrus is based on the\n"
"WRS2 package by Patrick Mair, which is in turn based on the scripts and\n"
"work of Rand Wilcox.  These analyses are described in depth in the book\n"
"'Introduction to Robust Estimation & Hypothesis Testing'.\")\n"
"    (license gpl3)))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1245
msgid "The recursive importer won't import packages for which Guix already has package definitions, except for the very first."
msgstr "L'importateur récursif n'importera pas les paquets pour lesquels Guix a déjà une définition, sauf pour le tout premier."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1250
msgid "Not all applications can be packaged this way, only those relying on a select number of supported systems.  Read about the full list of importers in the guix import section of the manual (@pxref{Invoking guix import,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})."
msgstr "Toutes les applications ne peuvent pas être empaquetées de cette manière, seules celles qui s'appuient sur un nombre restreint de systèmes pris en charge le peuvent. Vous trouverez la liste complète des importateurs dans la section dédiée du manuel (@pxref{Invoquer guix import,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU})."

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1251 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1252
#, no-wrap
msgid "Automatic update"
msgstr "Mise à jour automatique"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1256
msgid "Guix can be smart enough to check for updates on systems it knows.  It can report outdated package definitions with"
msgstr "Guix peut être assez intelligent pour vérifier s'il y a des mises à jour sur les systèmes qu'il connaît. Il peut rapporter les paquets anciens avec"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1259
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ guix refresh hello\n"
msgstr "$ guix refresh hello\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1264
msgid "In most cases, updating a package to a newer version requires little more than changing the version number and the checksum.  Guix can do that automatically as well:"
msgstr "La plupart du temps, mettre à jour un paquet vers une nouvelle version ne demande pas beaucoup plus que de changer le numéro de version et la somme de contrôle. Guix peut aussi le faire automatiquement :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1267
#, no-wrap
msgid "$ guix refresh hello --update\n"
msgstr "$ guix refresh hello --update\n"

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1269 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1270
#, no-wrap
msgid "Inheritance"
msgstr "Héritage"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1274
msgid "If you've started browsing the existing package definitions, you might have noticed that a significant number of them have a @code{inherit} field:"
msgstr "Si vous avez commencé à regarder des définitions de paquets existantes, vous avez peut-être remarqué qu'un certain nombre d'entre elles ont un champ @code{inherit} :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1290
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-public adwaita-icon-theme\n"
"  (package (inherit gnome-icon-theme)\n"
"    (name \"adwaita-icon-theme\")\n"
"    (version \"3.26.1\")\n"
"    (source (origin\n"
"              (method url-fetch)\n"
"              (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnome/sources/\" name \"/\"\n"
"                                  (version-major+minor version) \"/\"\n"
"                                  name \"-\" version \".tar.xz\"))\n"
"              (sha256\n"
"               (base32\n"
"                \"17fpahgh5dyckgz7rwqvzgnhx53cx9kr2xw0szprc6bnqy977fi8\"))))\n"
"    (native-inputs\n"
"     `((\"gtk-encode-symbolic-svg\" ,gtk+ \"bin\")))))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-public adwaita-icon-theme\n"
"  (package (inherit gnome-icon-theme)\n"
"    (name \"adwaita-icon-theme\")\n"
"    (version \"3.26.1\")\n"
"    (source (origin\n"
"              (method url-fetch)\n"
"              (uri (string-append \"mirror://gnome/sources/\" name \"/\"\n"
"                                  (version-major+minor version) \"/\"\n"
"                                  name \"-\" version \".tar.xz\"))\n"
"              (sha256\n"
"               (base32\n"
"                \"17fpahgh5dyckgz7rwqvzgnhx53cx9kr2xw0szprc6bnqy977fi8\"))))\n"
"    (native-inputs\n"
"     `((\"gtk-encode-symbolic-svg\" ,gtk+ \"bin\")))))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1295
msgid "All unspecified fields are inherited from the parent package.  This is very convenient to create alternative packages, for instance with different source, version or compilation options."
msgstr "Tous les champs non spécifiés héritent du paquet parent. C'est très pratique pour créer un paquet alternatif, par exemple avec une source, une version ou des options de compilation différentes."

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1296 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1297
#, no-wrap
msgid "Getting help"
msgstr "Se faire aider"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1303
msgid "Sadly, some applications can be tough to package.  Sometimes they need a patch to work with the non-standard file system hierarchy enforced by the store.  Sometimes the tests won't run properly.  (They can be skipped but this is not recommended.)  Other times the resulting package won't be reproducible."
msgstr "Malheureusement, certaines applications peuvent être difficiles à empaqueter. Parfois elles ont besoin d'un correctif pour fonctionner avec la hiérarchie du système de fichiers non standard imposée par de dépôt. Parfois les tests ne se lancent pas correctement (vous pouvez les passer mais ce n'est pas recommandé). Parfois le paquet n'est pas reproductible."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1306
msgid "Should you be stuck, unable to figure out how to fix any sort of packaging issue, don't hesitate to ask the community for help."
msgstr "Si vous êtes bloqué·e, incapable de trouver comme corriger un problème d'empaquetage, n'hésitez pas à demander de l'aide à la communauté."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1308
msgid "See the @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/contact/, Guix homepage} for information on the mailing lists, IRC, etc."
msgstr "voir la @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/fr/contact/,la page d'accueil de Guix} pour plus d'informations sur les listes de diffusion, IRC, etc."

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1309 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1310
#, no-wrap
msgid "Conclusion"
msgstr "Conclusion"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1316
msgid "This tutorial was a showcase of the sophisticated package management that Guix boasts.  At this point we have mostly restricted this introduction to the @code{gnu-build-system} which is a core abstraction layer on which more advanced abstractions are based."
msgstr "Ce didacticiel vous a montré la gestion des paquets sophistiquée dont Guix se targue. Maintenant, nous avons restreint cette introduction au système @code{gnu-build-system} qui est un niveau d'abstraction essentiel sur lequel des niveaux d'abstraction plus avancés se reposent."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1321
msgid "Where do we go from here? Next we ought to dissect the innards of the build system by removing all abstractions, using the @code{trivial-build-system}: this should give us a thorough understanding of the process before investigating some more advanced packaging techniques and edge cases."
msgstr "Comment continuer ? Nous devrions ensuite disséquer le fonctionnement interne des systèmes de construction en supprimant toutes les abstractions, avec le @code{trivial-build-system} : cela vous permettra de bien comprendre le processus avant de voir des techniques plus avancées et certains cas particuliers."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1324
msgid "Other features worth exploring are the interactive editing and debugging capabilities of Guix provided by the Guile REPL@."
msgstr "D'autres fonctionnalités que vous devriez explorer sont l'édition interactive et les possibilités de débogage de Guix fournies par la REPL de Guile."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1329
msgid "Those fancy features are completely optional and can wait; now is a good time to take a well-deserved break.  With what we've introduced here you should be well armed to package lots of programs.  You can get started right away and hopefully we will see your contributions soon!"
msgstr "Ces fonctionnalités avancées sont complètement facultatives et peuvent attendre ; maintenant vous devriez prendre une pause bien méritée. Avec ce dont nous venons de parler ici vous devriez être bien armé·e pour empaqueter de nombreux paquets. Vous pouvez commencer dès maintenant et on espère voir votre contribution bientôt !"

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1330 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1331
#, no-wrap
msgid "References"
msgstr "Références"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1336
msgid "The @uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/manual/en/html_node/Defining-Packages.html, package reference in the manual}"
msgstr "La @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/manual/devel/fr/html_node/reference-de-package.html, référence des paquets dans le manuel}"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1339
msgid "@uref{https://gitlab.com/pjotrp/guix-notes/blob/master/HACKING.org, Pjotr’s hacking guide to GNU Guix}"
msgstr "@uref{https://gitlab.com/pjotrp/guix-notes/blob/master/HACKING.org, le guide de bidouillage de GNU Guix de Pjotr}"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1342
msgid "@uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/guix-ghm-andreas-20130823.pdf, ``GNU Guix: Package without a scheme!''}, by Andreas Enge"
msgstr "@uref{https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/guix-ghm-andreas-20130823.pdf, « GNU Guix: Package without a scheme! »}, d'Andreas Enge"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1351
msgid "Guix offers a flexible language for declaratively configuring your Guix System.  This flexibility can at times be overwhelming.  The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate some advanced configuration concepts."
msgstr "Guix propose un langage flexible pour déclarer la configuration de votre système Guix. Cette flexibilité peut parfois paraître écrasante. Le but de ce chapitre est de vous montrer quelques concepts de configuration avancés."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1354
msgid "@pxref{System Configuration,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for a complete reference."
msgstr "@pxref{Configuration du système,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix} pour une référence complète."

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
msgid "Creating and using a custom Linux kernel on Guix System."
msgstr "Créer et utiliser un noyau Linux personnalisé sur le système Guix."

#. type: section
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1606
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1607
#, no-wrap
msgid "Guix System Image API"
msgstr "L'API de création d'images du système Guix"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
msgid "Customizing images to target specific platforms."
msgstr "Personnaliser des images pour des plateformes particulières."

#. type: section
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1817
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1818
#, no-wrap
msgid "Connecting to Wireguard VPN"
msgstr "Se connecter à un VPN Wireguard"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
msgid "Connecting to a Wireguard VPN."
msgstr "Se connecter à un VPN Wireguard."

#. type: section
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1894
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1895
#, no-wrap
msgid "Customizing a Window Manager"
msgstr "Personnaliser un gestionnaire de fenêtres"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
msgid "Handle customization of a Window manager on Guix System."
msgstr "Gérer la personnalisation d'un gestionnaire de fenêtres sur le système Guix."

#. type: section
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1985
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1986
#, no-wrap
msgid "Running Guix on a Linode Server"
msgstr "Lancer Guix sur un serveur Linode"

#. type: section
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2225
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2226
#, no-wrap
msgid "Setting up a bind mount"
msgstr "Mettre en place un montage dupliqué"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
msgid "Setting up a bind mount in the file-systems definition."
msgstr "Mettre en place un montage dupliqué dans une définition de système de fichiers."

#. type: section
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2274
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2275
#, no-wrap
msgid "Getting substitutes from Tor"
msgstr "Récupérer des substituts via Tor"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
msgid "Configuring Guix daemon to get substitutes through Tor."
msgstr "Configurer le démon Guix pour récupérer les substituts via Tor."

#. type: section
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2336
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2337
#, no-wrap
msgid "Setting up NGINX with Lua"
msgstr "Configurer NGINX avec Lua"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1364
msgid "Configuring NGINX web-server to load Lua modules."
msgstr "Configurer le serveur web NGINX pour qu'il charge des modules Lua."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1376
msgid "Guix is, at its core, a source based distribution with substitutes (@pxref{Substitutes,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}), and as such building packages from their source code is an expected part of regular package installations and upgrades.  Given this starting point, it makes sense that efforts are made to reduce the amount of time spent compiling packages, and recent changes and upgrades to the building and distribution of substitutes continues to be a topic of discussion within Guix."
msgstr "Guix est, en son cœur, une distribution source avec des substituts (@pxref{Substituts,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}), et donc construire des paquets à partir de leur code source est normal pendant les installations et les mis à jour de paquets. Malgré tout, c'est aussi normal d'essayer de réduire le temps passé à compiler des paquets, et les changements récents et futurs concernant la construction et la distribution des substituts continue d'être un sujet de discussion dans le projet Guix."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1382
msgid "The kernel, while not requiring an overabundance of RAM to build, does take a rather long time on an average machine.  The official kernel configuration, as is the case with many GNU/Linux distributions, errs on the side of inclusiveness, and this is really what causes the build to take such a long time when the kernel is built from source."
msgstr "Le noyau, bien qu'il ne demande pas énormément de RAM pour être construit, prend assez long à construire sur une machine usuelle. La configuration du noyau officielle, comme avec la plupart des autres distributions GNU/Linux, penche du côté de l'inclusivité, et c'est vraiment ça qui rend la construction aussi longue à partir des sources."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1387
msgid "The Linux kernel, however, can also just be described as a regular old package, and as such can be customized just like any other package.  The procedure is a little bit different, although this is primarily due to the nature of how the package definition is written."
msgstr "Le noyau Linux, cependant, peut aussi être décrit comme un simple paquet comme les autres, et peut donc être personnalisé comme n'importe quel autre paquet. La procédure est un peu différente, même si c'est surtout dû à la nature de la définition du paquet."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1390
msgid "The @code{linux-libre} kernel package definition is actually a procedure which creates a package."
msgstr "Le paquet du noyau @code{linux-libre} est en fait une procédure qui crée un paquet."

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1402
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define* (make-linux-libre version hash supported-systems\n"
"                           #:key\n"
"                           ;; A function that takes an arch and a variant.\n"
"                           ;; See kernel-config for an example.\n"
"                           (extra-version #false)\n"
"                           (configuration-file #false)\n"
"                           (defconfig \"defconfig\")\n"
"                           (extra-options %default-extra-linux-options)\n"
"                           (patches (list %boot-logo-patch)))\n"
"  ...)\n"
msgstr ""
"(define* (make-linux-libre version hash supported-systems\n"
"                           #:key\n"
"                           ;; A function that takes an arch and a variant.\n"
"                           ;; See kernel-config for an example.\n"
"                           (extra-version #false)\n"
"                           (configuration-file #false)\n"
"                           (defconfig \"defconfig\")\n"
"                           (extra-options %default-extra-linux-options)\n"
"                           (patches (list %boot-logo-patch)))\n"
"  ...)\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1406
msgid "The current @code{linux-libre} package is for the 5.1.x series, and is declared like this:"
msgstr "Le paquet @code{linux-libre} actuel pour la série 5.1.x, est déclaré comme ceci :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1414
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-public linux-libre\n"
"  (make-linux-libre %linux-libre-version\n"
"                    %linux-libre-hash\n"
"                    '(\"x86_64-linux\" \"i686-linux\" \"armhf-linux\" \"aarch64-linux\")\n"
"                    #:patches %linux-libre-5.1-patches\n"
"                    #:configuration-file kernel-config))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-public linux-libre\n"
"  (make-linux-libre %linux-libre-version\n"
"                    %linux-libre-hash\n"
"                    '(\"x86_64-linux\" \"i686-linux\" \"armhf-linux\" \"aarch64-linux\")\n"
"                    #:patches %linux-libre-5.1-patches\n"
"                    #:configuration-file kernel-config))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1423
msgid "Any keys which are not assigned values inherit their default value from the @code{make-linux-libre} definition.  When comparing the two snippets above, you may notice that the code comment in the first doesn't actually refer to the @code{#:extra-version} keyword; it is actually for @code{#:configuration-file}.  Because of this, it is not actually easy to include a custom kernel configuration from the definition, but don't worry, there are other ways to work with what we do have."
msgstr "Les clés qui n'ont pas de valeur associée prennent leur valeur par défaut dans la définition de @code{make-linux-libre}. Lorsque vous comparez les deux bouts de code ci-dessus, vous aurez remarqué que le commentaire du premier ne correspond pas au mot-clé @code{#:extra-version}, mais à @code{#:configuration-file}. À cause de cela, il n'est pas facile d'inclure une configuration personnalisée du noyau à partir de la définition, mais ne vous inquiétez pas, il y a d'autres moyens de travailler avec ce qu'on a."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1429
msgid "There are two ways to create a kernel with a custom kernel configuration.  The first is to provide a standard @file{.config} file during the build process by including an actual @file{.config} file as a native input to our custom kernel.  The following is a snippet from the custom @code{'configure} phase of the @code{make-linux-libre} package definition:"
msgstr "Il y a deux manières de créer un noyau avec une configuration personnalisée. La première consiste à fournir un fichier @file{.config} standard au processus de construction en ajoutant un fichier @file{.config} comme entrée native de notre noyau. Voici un bout de code correspondant à la phase @code{'configure} de la définition de paquet @code{make-linux-libre} :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1433
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(let ((build  (assoc-ref %standard-phases 'build))\n"
"      (config (assoc-ref (or native-inputs inputs) \"kconfig\")))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(let ((build  (assoc-ref %standard-phases 'build))\n"
"      (config (assoc-ref (or native-inputs inputs) \"kconfig\")))\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1441
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"  ;; Use a custom kernel configuration file or a default\n"
"  ;; configuration file.\n"
"  (if config\n"
"      (begin\n"
"        (copy-file config \".config\")\n"
"        (chmod \".config\" #o666))\n"
"      (invoke \"make\" ,defconfig)))\n"
msgstr ""
"  ;; Use a custom kernel configuration file or a default\n"
"  ;; configuration file.\n"
"  (if config\n"
"      (begin\n"
"        (copy-file config \".config\")\n"
"        (chmod \".config\" #o666))\n"
"      (invoke \"make\" ,defconfig)))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1446
msgid "Below is a sample kernel package.  The @code{linux-libre} package is nothing special and can be inherited from and have its fields overridden like any other package:"
msgstr "Et voici un exemple de paquet de noyau. Le paquet @code{linux-libre} n'a rien de spécial, on peut en hériter et remplacer ses champs comme n'importe quel autre paquet :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1455
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-public linux-libre/E2140\n"
"  (package\n"
"    (inherit linux-libre)\n"
"    (native-inputs\n"
"     `((\"kconfig\" ,(local-file \"E2140.config\"))\n"
"      ,@@(alist-delete \"kconfig\"\n"
"                      (package-native-inputs linux-libre))))))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-public linux-libre/E2140\n"
"  (package\n"
"    (inherit linux-libre)\n"
"    (native-inputs\n"
"     `((\"kconfig\" ,(local-file \"E2140.config\"))\n"
"      ,@@(alist-delete \"kconfig\"\n"
"                      (package-native-inputs linux-libre))))))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1462
msgid "In the same directory as the file defining @code{linux-libre-E2140} is a file named @file{E2140.config}, which is an actual kernel configuration file.  The @code{defconfig} keyword of @code{make-linux-libre} is left blank here, so the only kernel configuration in the package is the one which was included in the @code{native-inputs} field."
msgstr "Dans le même répertoire que le fichier définissant @code{linux-libre-E2140} se trouve un fichier nommé @file{E2140.config}, qui est un fichier de configuration du noyau. Le mot-clé @code{defconfig} de @code{make-linux-libre} reste vide ici, donc la configuration du noyau dans le paquet est celle qui sera incluse dans le champ @code{native-inputs}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1467
msgid "The second way to create a custom kernel is to pass a new value to the @code{extra-options} keyword of the @code{make-linux-libre} procedure.  The @code{extra-options} keyword works with another function defined right below it:"
msgstr "La deuxième manière de créer un noyau personnalisé est de passer une nouvelle valeur au mot-clé @code{extra-options} de la procédure @code{make-linux-libre}. Le mot-clé @code{extra-options} fonctionne avec une autre fonction définie juste en dessous :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1483
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define %default-extra-linux-options\n"
"  `(;; https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2014-04/msg00039.html\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES\" . #true)\n"
"   ;; Modules required for initrd:\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_NET_9P\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_NET_9P_VIRTIO\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_NET\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_PCI\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_BALLOON\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_MMIO\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_FUSE_FS\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_CIFS\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_9P_FS\" . m)))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(define %default-extra-linux-options\n"
"  `(;; https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2014-04/msg00039.html\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES\" . #true)\n"
"   ;; Modules required for initrd:\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_NET_9P\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_NET_9P_VIRTIO\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_NET\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_PCI\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_BALLOON\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_VIRTIO_MMIO\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_FUSE_FS\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_CIFS\" . m)\n"
"   (\"CONFIG_9P_FS\" . m)))\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1494
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define (config->string options)\n"
"  (string-join (map (match-lambda\n"
"                      ((option . 'm)\n"
"                       (string-append option \"=m\"))\n"
"                      ((option . #true)\n"
"                       (string-append option \"=y\"))\n"
"                      ((option . #false)\n"
"                       (string-append option \"=n\")))\n"
"                    options)\n"
"               \"\\n\"))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define (config->string options)\n"
"  (string-join (map (match-lambda\n"
"                      ((option . 'm)\n"
"                       (string-append option \"=m\"))\n"
"                      ((option . #true)\n"
"                       (string-append option \"=y\"))\n"
"                      ((option . #false)\n"
"                       (string-append option \"=n\")))\n"
"                    options)\n"
"               \"\\n\"))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1497
msgid "And in the custom configure script from the `make-linux-libre` package:"
msgstr "Et dans le script configure personnalisé du paquet « make-linux-libre » :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1505
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
";; Appending works even when the option wasn't in the\n"
";; file.  The last one prevails if duplicated.\n"
"(let ((port (open-file \".config\" \"a\"))\n"
"      (extra-configuration ,(config->string extra-options)))\n"
"  (display extra-configuration port)\n"
"  (close-port port))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
";; Appending works even when the option wasn't in the\n"
";; file.  The last one prevails if duplicated.\n"
"(let ((port (open-file \".config\" \"a\"))\n"
"      (extra-configuration ,(config->string extra-options)))\n"
"  (display extra-configuration port)\n"
"  (close-port port))\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1507
#, no-wrap
msgid "(invoke \"make\" \"oldconfig\")\n"
msgstr "(invoke \"make\" \"oldconfig\")\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1512
msgid "So by not providing a configuration-file the @file{.config} starts blank, and then we write into it the collection of flags that we want.  Here's another custom kernel:"
msgstr "Donc, en ne fournissant pas de fichier de configuration le fichier @file{.config} est au départ vide et on écrit ensuite l'ensemble des drapeaux que l'on veut. Voici un autre noyau personnalisé :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1520
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define %macbook41-full-config\n"
"  (append %macbook41-config-options\n"
"          %file-systems\n"
"          %efi-support\n"
"          %emulation\n"
"          (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %default-extra-linux-options)))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(define %macbook41-full-config\n"
"  (append %macbook41-config-options\n"
"          %file-systems\n"
"          %efi-support\n"
"          %emulation\n"
"          (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %default-extra-linux-options)))\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1530
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-public linux-libre-macbook41\n"
"  ;; XXX: Access the internal 'make-linux-libre' procedure, which is\n"
"  ;; private and unexported, and is liable to change in the future.\n"
"  ((@@@@ (gnu packages linux) make-linux-libre) (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-version)\n"
"                      (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-hash)\n"
"                      '(\"x86_64-linux\")\n"
"                      #:extra-version \"macbook41\"\n"
"                      #:patches (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-5.1-patches)\n"
"                      #:extra-options %macbook41-config-options))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-public linux-libre-macbook41\n"
"  ;; XXX: Access the internal 'make-linux-libre' procedure, which is\n"
"  ;; private and unexported, and is liable to change in the future.\n"
"  ((@@@@ (gnu packages linux) make-linux-libre) (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-version)\n"
"                      (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-hash)\n"
"                      '(\"x86_64-linux\")\n"
"                      #:extra-version \"macbook41\"\n"
"                      #:patches (@@@@ (gnu packages linux) %linux-libre-5.1-patches)\n"
"                      #:extra-options %macbook41-config-options))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1537
msgid "In the above example @code{%file-systems} is a collection of flags enabling different file system support, @code{%efi-support} enables EFI support and @code{%emulation} enables a x86_64-linux machine to act in 32-bit mode also.  @code{%default-extra-linux-options} are the ones quoted above, which had to be added in since they were replaced in the @code{extra-options} keyword."
msgstr "Dans l'exemple ci-dessus @code{%fale-systems} est un ensemble de drapeaux qui activent la prise en charge de différents systèmes de fichiers, @code{%efi-support} active la prise en charge de l'EFI et @code{%emulation} permet à une machine x86_64-linux de fonctionner aussi en mode 32-bits. @code{%default-extra-linux-options} sont l'ensemble de ces options et elles devaient être ajoutées puisqu'elles ont été remplacées dans le mot-clé @code{extra-options}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1546
msgid "This all sounds like it should be doable, but how does one even know which modules are required for a particular system? Two places that can be helpful in trying to answer this question is the @uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64/Installation/Kernel, Gentoo Handbook} and the @uref{https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/README.html?highlight=localmodconfig, documentation from the kernel itself}.  From the kernel documentation, it seems that @code{make localmodconfig} is the command we want."
msgstr "Tout ça est bien beau, mais comment savoir quels modules sont requis pour un système en particulier ? Il y a deux ressources qui peuvent être utiles pour répondre à cette question : le @uref{https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64/Installation/Kernel, manuel de Gentoo} et la @uref{https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/README.html?highlight=localmodconfig, documentation du noyau}. D'après la documentation du noyau, il semble que la commande @code{make localmodconfig} soit la bonne."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1549
msgid "In order to actually run @code{make localmodconfig} we first need to get and unpack the kernel source code:"
msgstr "Pour lancer @code{make localmodconfig} on doit d'abord récupérer et décompresser le code source du noyau :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1552
#, no-wrap
msgid "tar xf $(guix build linux-libre --source)\n"
msgstr "tar xf $(guix build linux-libre --source)\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1559
msgid "Once inside the directory containing the source code run @code{touch .config} to create an initial, empty @file{.config} to start with.  @code{make localmodconfig} works by seeing what you already have in @file{.config} and letting you know what you're missing.  If the file is blank then you're missing everything.  The next step is to run:"
msgstr "Une fois dans le répertoire contenant le code source lancez @code{touch .config} pour créer un fichier @file{.config} initialement vide pour commencer. @code{make localmodconfig} fonctionne en remarquant que avec déjà un @file{.config} et en vous disant ce qu'il vous manque. Si le fichier est vide, il vous manquera tout ce qui est nécessaire. L'étape suivante consiste à lancer :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1562
#, no-wrap
msgid "guix environment linux-libre -- make localmodconfig\n"
msgstr "guix environment linux-libre -- make localmodconfig\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1567
msgid "and note the output.  Do note that the @file{.config} file is still empty.  The output generally contains two types of warnings.  The first start with \"WARNING\" and can actually be ignored in our case.  The second read:"
msgstr "et regardez la sortie. Remarquez que le fichier @file{.config} est toujours vide. La sortie contient en général deux types d'avertissements. Le premier commence par « WARNING » et peut être ignoré dans notre cas. Le deuxième dit :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1570
#, no-wrap
msgid "module pcspkr did not have configs CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR\n"
msgstr "module pcspkr did not have configs CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1575
msgid "For each of these lines, copy the @code{CONFIG_XXXX_XXXX} portion into the @file{.config} in the directory, and append @code{=m}, so in the end it looks like this:"
msgstr "Pour chacune de ces lignes, copiez la partie @code{CONFIG_XXXX_XXXX} dans le @file{.config} du répertoire et ajoutez @code{=m} pour qu'à la fin il ressemble à cela :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1579
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR=m\n"
"CONFIG_VIRTIO=m\n"
msgstr ""
"CONFIG_INPUT_PCSPKR=m\n"
"CONFIG_VIRTIO=m\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1588
msgid "After copying all the configuration options, run @code{make localmodconfig} again to make sure that you don't have any output starting with ``module''.  After all of these machine specific modules there are a couple more left that are also needed.  @code{CONFIG_MODULES} is necessary so that you can build and load modules separately and not have everything built into the kernel.  @code{CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SD} is required for reading from hard drives.  It is possible that there are other modules which you will need."
msgstr "Après avoir copié toutes les options de configuration, lancez @code{make localmodconfig} de nouveau pour vous assurer que vous n'avez pas de sortie commençant par « module ». Après tous ces modules spécifiques à la machine, il y en a encore quelques uns que nous devons aussi définir. @code{CONFIG_MODULES} est nécessaire pour que nous puissions construire et charger les modules séparément et ne pas tout construire dans le noyau. @code{CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SD} est requis pour lire les disques durs. Il est possible que vous aillez besoin de quelques autres modules."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1592
msgid "This post does not aim to be a guide to configuring your own kernel however, so if you do decide to build a custom kernel you'll have to seek out other guides to create a kernel which is just right for your needs."
msgstr "Cet article n'a pas pour but de vous guider dans la configuration de votre propre noyau cependant, donc si vous décidez de construire un noyau personnalisé vous devrez chercher d'autres guides pour créer un noyau qui vous convient."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1600
msgid "The second way to setup the kernel configuration makes more use of Guix's features and allows you to share configuration segments between different kernels.  For example, all machines using EFI to boot have a number of EFI configuration flags that they need.  It is likely that all the kernels will share a list of file systems to support.  By using variables it is easier to see at a glance what features are enabled and to make sure you don't have features in one kernel but missing in another."
msgstr "La deuxième manière de configurer le noyau utilise un peu plus les fonctionnalités de Guix et vous permettent de partager des bouts de configuration entre différents noyaux. Par exemple, toutes les machines avec un démarrage EFI ont besoin d'un certain nombre de configurations. Tous les noyaux vont probablement partager une liste de systèmes de fichiers à prendre en charge. En utilisant des variables il est facile de voir du premier coup quelles fonctionnalités sont activées pour vous assurer que vous n'avez pas des fonctionnalités dans un noyau qui manquent dans un autre."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1605
msgid "Left undiscussed however, is Guix's initrd and its customization.  It is likely that you'll need to modify the initrd on a machine using a custom kernel, since certain modules which are expected to be built may not be available for inclusion into the initrd."
msgstr "Cependant, nous ne parlons pas de la personnalisation du disque de ram initial. Vous devrez sans doute modifier le disque de ram initial sur les machines qui utilisent un noyau personnalisé, puisque certains modules attendus peuvent ne pas être disponibles."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1612
msgid "Historically, Guix System is centered around an @code{operating-system} structure.  This structure contains various fields ranging from the bootloader and kernel declaration to the services to install."
msgstr "Historiquement, le système Guix est centré sur une structure @code{operating-system}. Cette structure contient divers champs qui vont du chargeur d'amorçage et à la déclaration du noyau aux services à installer."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1618
msgid "Depending on the target machine, that can go from a standard @code{x86_64} machine to a small ARM single board computer such as the Pine64, the image constraints can vary a lot.  The hardware manufacturers will impose different image formats with various partition sizes and offsets."
msgstr "En fonction de la machine cible, qui peut aller d'une machine @code{x86_64} standard à un petit ordinateur ARM sur carte unique comme le Pine64, les contraintes sur l'image varient beaucoup. Les fabricants imposent différents formats d'image avec plusieurs tailles de partitions et de positions."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1623
msgid "To create images suitable for all those machines, a new abstraction is necessary: that's the goal of the @code{image} record.  This record contains all the required information to be transformed into a standalone image, that can be directly booted on any target machine."
msgstr "Pour créer des images convenables pour toutes ces machines, une nouvelle abstraction est nécessaire : c'est le but de l'enregistrement @code{image}. Cet enregistrement contient toutes les informations requises pour être transformé en une image complète, qui peut être directement démarrée sur une machine cible."

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1645
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-record-type* <image>\n"
"  image make-image\n"
"  image?\n"
"  (name               image-name ;symbol\n"
"                      (default #f))\n"
"  (format             image-format) ;symbol\n"
"  (target             image-target\n"
"                      (default #f))\n"
"  (size               image-size  ;size in bytes as integer\n"
"                      (default 'guess))\n"
"  (operating-system   image-operating-system  ;<operating-system>\n"
"                      (default #f))\n"
"  (partitions         image-partitions ;list of <partition>\n"
"                      (default '()))\n"
"  (compression?       image-compression? ;boolean\n"
"                      (default #t))\n"
"  (volatile-root?     image-volatile-root? ;boolean\n"
"                      (default #t))\n"
"  (substitutable?     image-substitutable? ;boolean\n"
"                      (default #t)))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-record-type* <image>\n"
"  image make-image\n"
"  image?\n"
"  (name               image-name ;symbol\n"
"                      (default #f))\n"
"  (format             image-format) ;symbol\n"
"  (target             image-target\n"
"                      (default #f))\n"
"  (size               image-size  ;size in bytes as integer\n"
"                      (default 'guess))\n"
"  (operating-system   image-operating-system  ;<operating-system>\n"
"                      (default #f))\n"
"  (partitions         image-partitions ;list of <partition>\n"
"                      (default '()))\n"
"  (compression?       image-compression? ;boolean\n"
"                      (default #t))\n"
"  (volatile-root?     image-volatile-root? ;boolean\n"
"                      (default #t))\n"
"  (substitutable?     image-substitutable? ;boolean\n"
"                      (default #t)))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1651
msgid "This record contains the operating-system to instantiate. The @code{format} field defines the image type and can be @code{efi-raw}, @code{qcow2} or @code{iso9660} for instance. In the future, it could be extended to @code{docker} or other image types."
msgstr "Cet enregistrement contient le système d'exploitation à instancier. Le champ @code{format} défini le type d'image et peut être @code{efi-raw}, @code{qcow2} ou @code{iso9660} par exemple. Plus tard, on prévoit de l'étendre à @code{docker} et aux autres types d'images."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1654
msgid "A new directory in the Guix sources is dedicated to images definition. For now there are four files:"
msgstr "Un nouveau répertoire dans les sources de Guix est dédié aux définitions des images. Pour l'instant il y a quatre fichiers :"

#. type: file{#1}
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1656
#, no-wrap
msgid "gnu/system/images/hurd.scm"
msgstr "gnu/system/images/hurd.scm"

#. type: file{#1}
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1657
#, no-wrap
msgid "gnu/system/images/pine64.scm"
msgstr "gnu/system/images/pine64.scm"

#. type: file{#1}
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1658
#, no-wrap
msgid "gnu/system/images/novena.scm"
msgstr "gnu/system/images/novena.scm"

#. type: file{#1}
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1659
#, no-wrap
msgid "gnu/system/images/pinebook-pro.scm"
msgstr "gnu/system/images/pinebook-pro.scm"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1665
msgid "Let's have a look to @file{pine64.scm}. It contains the @code{pine64-barebones-os} variable which is a minimal definition of an operating-system dedicated to the @b{Pine A64 LTS} board."
msgstr "Regardons le fichier @file{pine64.scm}. Il contient la variable @code{pine64-barebones-os} qui est une définition minimale d'un système d'exploitation dédié à la carte @b{Pine A64 LTS}."

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1689
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define pine64-barebones-os\n"
"  (operating-system\n"
"   (host-name \"vignemale\")\n"
"   (timezone \"Europe/Paris\")\n"
"   (locale \"en_US.utf8\")\n"
"   (bootloader (bootloader-configuration\n"
"                (bootloader u-boot-pine64-lts-bootloader)\n"
"                (target \"/dev/vda\")))\n"
"   (initrd-modules '())\n"
"   (kernel linux-libre-arm64-generic)\n"
"   (file-systems (cons (file-system\n"
"                        (device (file-system-label \"my-root\"))\n"
"                        (mount-point \"/\")\n"
"                        (type \"ext4\"))\n"
"                       %base-file-systems))\n"
"   (services (cons (service agetty-service-type\n"
"                            (agetty-configuration\n"
"                             (extra-options '(\"-L\")) ; no carrier detect\n"
"                             (baud-rate \"115200\")\n"
"                             (term \"vt100\")\n"
"                             (tty \"ttyS0\")))\n"
"                   %base-services))))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define pine64-barebones-os\n"
"  (operating-system\n"
"   (host-name \"vignemale\")\n"
"   (timezone \"Europe/Paris\")\n"
"   (locale \"en_US.utf8\")\n"
"   (bootloader (bootloader-configuration\n"
"                (bootloader u-boot-pine64-lts-bootloader)\n"
"                (target \"/dev/vda\")))\n"
"   (initrd-modules '())\n"
"   (kernel linux-libre-arm64-generic)\n"
"   (file-systems (cons (file-system\n"
"                        (device (file-system-label \"my-root\"))\n"
"                        (mount-point \"/\")\n"
"                        (type \"ext4\"))\n"
"                       %base-file-systems))\n"
"   (services (cons (service agetty-service-type\n"
"                            (agetty-configuration\n"
"                             (extra-options '(\"-L\")) ; no carrier detect\n"
"                             (baud-rate \"115200\")\n"
"                             (term \"vt100\")\n"
"                             (tty \"ttyS0\")))\n"
"                   %base-services))))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1693
msgid "The @code{kernel} and @code{bootloader} fields are pointing to packages dedicated to this board."
msgstr "Les champs @code{kernel} et @code{bootloader} pointent vers les paquets dédiés à cette carte."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1695
msgid "Right below, the @code{pine64-image-type} variable is also defined."
msgstr "Ci-dessous, la variable @code{pine64-image-type} est ainsi définie."

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1701
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define pine64-image-type\n"
"  (image-type\n"
"   (name 'pine64-raw)\n"
"   (constructor (cut image-with-os arm64-disk-image <>))))\n"
msgstr ""
"(define pine64-image-type\n"
"  (image-type\n"
"   (name 'pine64-raw)\n"
"   (constructor (cut image-with-os arm64-disk-image <>))))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1705
msgid "It's using a record we haven't talked about yet, the @code{image-type} record, defined this way:"
msgstr "Elle utilise un enregistrement dont nous n'avons pas encore parlé, l'enregistrement @code{image-type}, défini de cette façon :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1712
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define-record-type* <image-type>\n"
"  image-type make-image-type\n"
"  image-type?\n"
"  (name           image-type-name) ;symbol\n"
"  (constructor    image-type-constructor)) ;<operating-system> -> <image>\n"
msgstr ""
"(define-record-type* <image-type>\n"
"  image-type make-image-type\n"
"  image-type?\n"
"  (name           image-type-name) ;symbol\n"
"  (constructor    image-type-constructor)) ;<operating-system> -> <image>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1718
msgid "The main purpose of this record is to associate a name to a procedure transforming an @code{operating-system} to an image.  To understand why it is necessary, let's have a look to the command producing an image from an @code{operating-system} configuration file:"
msgstr "Le but principal de cet enregistrement est d'associer un nom à une procédure transformant un @code{operating-system} en une image. Pour comprendre pourquoi c'est nécessaire, voyons la commande produisant une image à partir d'un fichier de configuration de type @code{operating-system} :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1721
#, no-wrap
msgid "guix system image my-os.scm\n"
msgstr "guix system image my-os.scm\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1727
msgid "This command expects an @code{operating-system} configuration but how should we indicate that we want an image targeting a Pine64 board? We need to provide an extra information, the @code{image-type}, by passing the @code{--image-type} or @code{-t} flag, this way:"
msgstr "Cette commande demande une configuration de type @code{operating-system} mais comment indiquer que l'on veut cibler une carte Pine64 ? Nous devons fournir l'information supplémentaire, @code{image-type}, en passant le drapeau @code{--image-type} ou @code{-t}, de cette manière :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1730
#, no-wrap
msgid "guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-os.scm\n"
msgstr "guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-os.scm\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1736
msgid "This @code{image-type} parameter points to the @code{pine64-image-type} defined above. Hence, the @code{operating-system} declared in @code{my-os.scm} will be applied the @code{(cut image-with-os arm64-disk-image <>)} procedure to turn it into an image."
msgstr "Ce paramètre @code{image-type} pointe vers le @code{pine64-image-type} défini plus haut. Ainsi, la déclaration @code{operating-system} dans @code{my-os.scm} se verra appliquée la procédure @code{[cut image-with-os arm64-disk-image <>)} pour la transformer en une image."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1738
msgid "The resulting image looks like:"
msgstr "L'image qui en résulte ressemble à ceci :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1748
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(image\n"
" (format 'disk-image)\n"
" (target \"aarch64-linux-gnu\")\n"
" (operating-system my-os)\n"
" (partitions\n"
"  (list (partition\n"
"         (inherit root-partition)\n"
"         (offset root-offset)))))\n"
msgstr ""
"(image\n"
" (format 'disk-image)\n"
" (target \"aarch64-linux-gnu\")\n"
" (operating-system my-os)\n"
" (partitions\n"
"  (list (partition\n"
"         (inherit root-partition)\n"
"         (offset root-offset)))))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1752
msgid "which is the aggregation of the @code{operating-system} defined in @code{my-os.scm} to the @code{arm64-disk-image} record."
msgstr "qui ajoute l'objet @code{operating-system} défini dans @code{my-os.scm} à l'enregistrement @code{arm64-disk-image}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1754
msgid "But enough Scheme madness. What does this image API bring to the Guix user?"
msgstr "Mais assez de cette folie. Qu'est-ce que cette API pour les images apporte aux utilisateurs et utilisatrices ?"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1756
msgid "One can run:"
msgstr "On peut lancer :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1760
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"mathieu@@cervin:~$ guix system --list-image-types\n"
"The available image types are:\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"mathieu@@cervin:~$ guix system --list-image-types\n"
"Les types d'image disponibles sont :\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1772
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"   - pinebook-pro-raw\n"
"   - pine64-raw\n"
"   - novena-raw\n"
"   - hurd-raw\n"
"   - hurd-qcow2\n"
"   - qcow2\n"
"   - uncompressed-iso9660\n"
"   - efi-raw\n"
"   - arm64-raw\n"
"   - arm32-raw\n"
"   - iso9660\n"
msgstr ""
"   - pinebook-pro-raw\n"
"   - pine64-raw\n"
"   - novena-raw\n"
"   - hurd-raw\n"
"   - hurd-qcow2\n"
"   - qcow2\n"
"   - uncompressed-iso9660\n"
"   - efi-raw\n"
"   - arm64-raw\n"
"   - arm32-raw\n"
"   - iso9660\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1777
msgid "and by writing an @code{operating-system} file based on @code{pine64-barebones-os}, you can customize your image to your preferences in a file (@file{my-pine-os.scm}) like this:"
msgstr "et en écrivant un fichier de type @code{operating-system} basé sur @code{pine64-barebones-os}, vous pouvez personnaliser votre image selon vos préférences dasn un fichier (@file{my-pine-os.scm}) de cette manière :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1781
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(use-modules (gnu services linux)\n"
"             (gnu system images pine64))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(use-modules (gnu services linux)\n"
"             (gnu system images pine64))\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1792
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(let ((base-os pine64-barebones-os))\n"
"  (operating-system\n"
"    (inherit base-os)\n"
"    (timezone \"America/Indiana/Indianapolis\")\n"
"    (services\n"
"     (cons\n"
"      (service earlyoom-service-type\n"
"               (earlyoom-configuration\n"
"                (prefer-regexp \"icecat|chromium\")))\n"
"      (operating-system-user-services base-os)))))\n"
msgstr ""
"(let ((base-os pine64-barebones-os))\n"
"  (operating-system\n"
"    (inherit base-os)\n"
"    (timezone \"America/Indiana/Indianapolis\")\n"
"    (services\n"
"     (cons\n"
"      (service earlyoom-service-type\n"
"               (earlyoom-configuration\n"
"                (prefer-regexp \"icecat|chromium\")))\n"
"      (operating-system-user-services base-os)))))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1795
msgid "run:"
msgstr "lancez :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1798
#, no-wrap
msgid "guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-pine-os.scm\n"
msgstr "guix system image --image-type=pine64-raw my-pine-os.scm\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1801
msgid "or,"
msgstr "ou bien,"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1804
#, no-wrap
msgid "guix system image --image-type=hurd-raw my-hurd-os.scm\n"
msgstr "guix system image --image-type=hurd-raw my-hurd-os.scm\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1808
msgid "to get an image that can be written directly to a hard drive and booted from."
msgstr "pour récupérer une image que vous pouvez écrire sur un disque dur pour démarrer dessus."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1810
msgid "Without changing anything to @code{my-hurd-os.scm}, calling:"
msgstr "Sans rien changer à @code{my-hurd-os.scm}, en appelant :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1813
#, no-wrap
msgid "guix system image --image-type=hurd-qcow2 my-hurd-os.scm\n"
msgstr "guix system image --image-type=hurd-qcow2 my-hurd-os.scm\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1816
msgid "will instead produce a Hurd QEMU image."
msgstr "vous aurez une image QEMU pour le Hurd à la place."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1823
msgid "To connect to a Wireguard VPN server you need the kernel module to be loaded in memory and a package providing networking tools that support it (e.g.  @code{wireguard-tools} or @code{network-manager})."
msgstr "Pour se connecter à un serveur VPN Wireguard, il faut que le module du noyau soit chargé en mémoire et qu'un paquet fournissant des outils de réseau le prenne en charge (par exemple, @code{wireguard-tools} ou @code{network-manager})."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1827
msgid "Here is a configuration example for Linux-Libre < 5.6, where the module is out of tree and need to be loaded manually---following revisions of the kernel have it built-in and so don't need such configuration:"
msgstr "Voici un exemple de configuration pour Linux-Libre < 5.6, où le module est hors de l'arborescence des sources et doit être chargé manuellement--les révisions suivantes du noyau l'ont intégré et n'ont donc pas besoin d'une telle configuration :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1832
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
"(use-service-modules desktop)\n"
"(use-package-modules vpn)\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
"(use-service-modules desktop)\n"
"(use-package-modules vpn)\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1841
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(operating-system\n"
"  ;; …\n"
"  (services (cons (simple-service 'wireguard-module\n"
"                                  kernel-module-loader-service-type\n"
"                                  '(\"wireguard\"))\n"
"                  %desktop-services))\n"
"  (packages (cons wireguard-tools %base-packages))\n"
"  (kernel-loadable-modules (list wireguard-linux-compat)))\n"
msgstr ""
"(operating-system\n"
"  ;; …\n"
"  (services (cons (simple-service 'wireguard-module\n"
"                                  kernel-module-loader-service-type\n"
"                                  '(\"wireguard\"))\n"
"                  %desktop-services))\n"
"  (packages (cons wireguard-tools %base-packages))\n"
"  (kernel-loadable-modules (list wireguard-linux-compat)))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1845
msgid "After reconfiguring and restarting your system you can either use Wireguard tools or NetworkManager to connect to a VPN server."
msgstr "Après avoir reconfiguré et redémarré votre système, vous pouvez utiliser les outils Wireguard ou NetworkManager pour vous connecter à un serveur VPN."

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1846
#, no-wrap
msgid "Using Wireguard tools"
msgstr "Utilisation des outils Wireguard"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1852
msgid "To test your Wireguard setup it is convenient to use @command{wg-quick}.  Just give it a configuration file @command{wg-quick up ./wg0.conf}; or put that file in @file{/etc/wireguard} and run @command{wg-quick up wg0} instead."
msgstr "Pour tester votre configuration Wireguard, vous pouvez utiliser @command{wg-quick}. Donnez-lui simplement un fichier de configuration : @command{wg-quick up ./wg0.conf}, ou placez ce fichier dans @file{/etc/wireguard} et lancez @command{wg-quick up wg0} à la place."

#. type: quotation
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1853
#, no-wrap
msgid "Note"
msgstr "Remarque"

#. type: quotation
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1856
msgid "Be warned that the author described this command as a: “[…] very quick and dirty bash script […]”."
msgstr "Soyez averti que l'auteur a décrit cette commande comme un : « [...] script bash écrit à la va-vite [...] »."

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1858
#, no-wrap
msgid "Using NetworkManager"
msgstr "En utilisant NetworkManager"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1866
msgid "Thanks to NetworkManager support for Wireguard we can connect to our VPN using @command{nmcli} command.  Up to this point this guide assumes that you're using Network Manager service provided by @code{%desktop-services}.  Ortherwise you need to adjust your services list to load @code{network-manager-service-type} and reconfigure your Guix system."
msgstr "Grâce à la prise en charge de NetworkManager pour Wireguard, nous pouvons nous connecter à notre VPN en utilisant la commande @command{nmcli}.  Jusqu'ici, ce guide suppose que vous utilisez le service Network Manager fourni par @code{%desktop-services}.  Dans le cas contraire, vous devez ajuster votre liste de services pour charger @code{network-manager-service-type} et reconfigurer votre système Guix."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1868
msgid "To import your VPN configuration execute nmcli import command:"
msgstr "Pour importer votre configuration VPN, exécutez la commande d'import de nmcli :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1872
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# nmcli connection import type wireguard file wg0.conf\n"
"Connection 'wg0' (edbee261-aa5a-42db-b032-6c7757c60fde) successfully added\n"
msgstr ""
"# nmcli connection import type wireguard file wg0.conf\n"
"Connection 'wg0' (edbee261-aa5a-42db-b032-6c7757c60fde) successfully added\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1877
msgid "This will create a configuration file in @file{/etc/NetworkManager/wg0.nmconnection}.  Next connect to the Wireguard server:"
msgstr "Cela va créer un fichier de configuration dans @file{/etc/NetworkManager/wg0.nmconnection}. Ensuite connectez-vous au serveur Wireguard :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1881
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ nmcli connection up wg0\n"
"Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6)\n"
msgstr ""
"$ nmcli connection up wg0\n"
"Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6)\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1885
msgid "By default NetworkManager will connect automatically on system boot.  To change that behaviour you need to edit your config:"
msgstr "Par défaut, NetworkManager se connectera automatiquement au démarrage du système. Pour changer ce comportement vous devez modifier votre configuration :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1888
#, no-wrap
msgid "# nmcli connection modify wg0 connection.autoconnect no\n"
msgstr "# nmcli connection modify wg0 connection.autoconnect no\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1893
msgid "For more specific information about NetworkManager and wireguard @uref{https://blogs.gnome.org/thaller/2019/03/15/wireguard-in-networkmanager/,see this post by thaller}."
msgstr "Pour des informations plus spécifiques sur NetworkManager et wireguard @uref{https://blogs.gnome.org/thaller/2019/03/15/wireguard-in-networkmanager/,voir ce billet par thaller}."

#. type: cindex
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1896
#, no-wrap
msgid "wm"
msgstr "wm"

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1898 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1899
#, no-wrap
msgid "StumpWM"
msgstr "StumpWM"

#. type: cindex
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1900
#, no-wrap
msgid "stumpwm"
msgstr "stumpwm"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1905
msgid "You could install StumpWM with a Guix system by adding @code{stumpwm} and optionally @code{`(,stumpwm \"lib\")} packages to a system configuration file, e.g.@: @file{/etc/config.scm}."
msgstr "Vous pouvez installer StumpWM sur un système Guix en ajoutant @code{stumwm} et éventuellement @code{`(,stumpwm \"lib\")} dans les paquets du fichier de système d'exploitation, p.@: ex.@: @file{/etc/config.scm}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1907
msgid "An example configuration can look like this:"
msgstr "Voici un exemple de configuration :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1911
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
"(use-package-modules wm)\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
"(use-package-modules wm)\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1916
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(operating-system\n"
"  ;; …\n"
"  (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm \"lib\"))\n"
"                    %base-packages)))\n"
msgstr ""
"(operating-system\n"
"  ;; …\n"
"  (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm \"lib\"))\n"
"                    %base-packages)))\n"

#. type: cindex
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1918
#, no-wrap
msgid "stumpwm fonts"
msgstr "polices stumpwm"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1922
msgid "By default StumpWM uses X11 fonts, which could be small or pixelated on your system.  You could fix this by installing StumpWM contrib Lisp module @code{sbcl-ttf-fonts}, adding it to Guix system packages:"
msgstr "Par défaut StumpWM utilise les polices X11, qui peuvent être petites ou pixelisées sur votre système. Vous pouvez corriger cela en installant le module Lisp pour StumpWM @code{sbcl-ttf-fonts}, en l'ajoutant aux paquets de votre système :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1926
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
"(use-package-modules fonts wm)\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
"(use-package-modules fonts wm)\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1931
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(operating-system\n"
"  ;; …\n"
"  (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm \"lib\"))\n"
"                    sbcl-ttf-fonts font-dejavu %base-packages)))\n"
msgstr ""
"(operating-system\n"
"  ;; …\n"
"  (packages (append (list sbcl stumpwm `(,stumpwm \"lib\"))\n"
"                    sbcl-ttf-fonts font-dejavu %base-packages)))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1935
msgid "Then you need to add the following code to a StumpWM configuration file @file{~/.stumpwm.d/init.lisp}:"
msgstr "Ensuite vous devrez ajouter le code suivant à au fichier de configuration de StumpWM @file{~/.stumpwm.d/init.lisp} :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1942
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(require :ttf-fonts)\n"
"(setf xft:*font-dirs* '(\"/run/current-system/profile/share/fonts/\"))\n"
"(setf clx-truetype:+font-cache-filename+ (concat (getenv \"HOME\") \"/.fonts/font-cache.sexp\"))\n"
"(xft:cache-fonts)\n"
"(set-font (make-instance 'xft:font :family \"DejaVu Sans Mono\" :subfamily \"Book\" :size 11))\n"
msgstr ""
"(require :ttf-fonts)\n"
"(setf xft:*font-dirs* '(\"/run/current-system/profile/share/fonts/\"))\n"
"(setf clx-truetype:+font-cache-filename+ (concat (getenv \"HOME\") \"/.fonts/font-cache.sexp\"))\n"
"(xft:cache-fonts)\n"
"(set-font (make-instance 'xft:font :family \"DejaVu Sans Mono\" :subfamily \"Book\" :size 11))\n"

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1944 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1945
#, no-wrap
msgid "Session lock"
msgstr "Verrouillage de session"

#. type: cindex
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1946
#, no-wrap
msgid "sessionlock"
msgstr "verrouillage de session"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1952
msgid "Depending on your environment, locking the screen of your session might come built in or it might be something you have to set up yourself. If you use a desktop environment like GNOME or KDE, it's usually built in. If you use a plain window manager like StumpWM or EXWM, you might have to set it up yourself."
msgstr "En fonction de votre environnement, le verrouillage de l'écran peut être inclus, ou vous devrez le configurer vous-même. La fonctionnalité est souvent intégrée aux environnements de bureau comme GNOME ou KDE. Si vous utilisez un gestionnaire de fenêtre comme StumpWM ou EXWM, vous devrez sans doute le configurer vous-même."

#. type: subsubsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1953 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1954
#, no-wrap
msgid "Xorg"
msgstr "Xorg"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1960
msgid "If you use Xorg, you can use the utility @uref{https://www.mankier.com/1/xss-lock, xss-lock} to lock the screen of your session.  xss-lock is triggered by DPMS which since Xorg 1.8 is auto-detected and enabled if ACPI is also enabled at kernel runtime."
msgstr "Si vous utilisez Xorg, vous pouvez utiliser l'utilitaire @uref{https://www.mankier.com/1/xss-lock, xss-lock} pour verrouiller votre session. xss-lock est lancé par DPMS qui est détecté et activé automatiquement par Xorg 1.8 si ACPI est aussi activé à l'exécution dans le noyau."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1963
msgid "To use xss-lock, you can simple execute it and put it into the background before you start your window manager from e.g. your @file{~/.xsession}:"
msgstr "Pour utiliser xss-lock, vous pouvez simplement l'exécuter et le laisser tourner en tache de fond avant de démarrer votre gestionnaire de fenêtre, par exemple dans votre @file{~/.xsession} :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1967
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"xss-lock -- slock &\n"
"exec stumpwm\n"
msgstr ""
"xss-lock -- slock &\n"
"exec stumpwm\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1971
msgid "In this example, xss-lock uses @code{slock} to do the actual locking of the screen when it determines it's appropriate, like when you suspend your device."
msgstr "Dans cet exemple, xss-lock utilise @code{slock} pour effectivement verrouiller l'écran quand il pense que c'est nécessaire, comme lorsque vous mettez votre machine en veille."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1975
msgid "For slock to be allowed to be a screen locker for the graphical session, it needs to be made setuid-root so it can authenticate users, and it needs a PAM service. This can be achieved by adding the following service to your @file{config.scm}:"
msgstr "Pour que slock puisse verrouiller l'écran de la session graphique, il doit être en setuid-root pour qu'il puisse authentifier les utilisateurs, et il a besoin d'un service PAM. On peut y arriver en ajoutant le service suivant dans notre @file{config.scm} :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1978
#, no-wrap
msgid "(screen-locker-service slock)\n"
msgstr "(screen-locker-service slock)\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1984
msgid "If you manually lock your screen, e.g. by directly calling slock when you want to lock your screen but not suspend it, it's a good idea to notify xss-lock about this so no confusion occurs. This can be done by executing @code{xset s activate} immediately before you execute slock."
msgstr "Si vous verrouillez l'écran manuellement, p.@: ex.@: en appelant slock directement si vous voulez verrouiller l'écran sans mettre l'ordinateur en veille, il vaut mieux notifier xss-lock pour éviter la confusion. Vous pouvez faire cela en exécutant @code{xset s activate} juste avant d'exécuter slock."

#. type: cindex
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1987
#, no-wrap
msgid "linode, Linode"
msgstr "linode, Linode"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1992
msgid "To run Guix on a server hosted by @uref{https://www.linode.com, Linode}, start with a recommended Debian server.  We recommend using the default distro as a way to bootstrap Guix. Create your SSH keys."
msgstr "Pour lancer Guix sur un serveur hébergé par @uref{https://www.linode.com, Linode}, commencez par un serveur Debian recommandé. Nous vous recommandons d'utiliser la distribution par défaut pour amorcer Guix. Créez vos clés SSH."

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:1995
#, no-wrap
msgid "ssh-keygen\n"
msgstr "ssh-keygen\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2001
msgid "Be sure to add your SSH key for easy login to the remote server.  This is trivially done via Linode's graphical interface for adding SSH keys.  Go to your profile and click add SSH Key.  Copy into it the output of:"
msgstr "Assurez-vous d'ajouter votre clé SSH pour vous connecter facilement sur le serveur distant. C'est facilité par l'interface graphique de Linode. Allez sur votre profil et cliquez sur le bouton pour ajouter une clé SSH. Copiez la sortie de :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2004
#, no-wrap
msgid "cat ~/.ssh/<username>_rsa.pub\n"
msgstr "cat ~/.ssh/<username>_rsa.pub\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2008
msgid "Power the Linode down. In the Linode's Disks/Configurations tab, resize the Debian disk to be smaller. 30 GB is recommended."
msgstr "Éteignez le serveur Linode. Dans l'onglet Disks/Configurations de Linode, redimensionnez le disque Debian pour être plus petit. Nous vous recommandons de choisir 30 Go."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2010
msgid "In the Linode settings, \"Add a disk\", with the following:"
msgstr "Dans les paramètres de Linode, « Add a disk » avec ce qui suit :"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2013
msgid "Label: \"Guix\""
msgstr "Label: \"Guix\""

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2016
msgid "Filesystem: ext4"
msgstr "Filesystem: ext4"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2019
msgid "Set it to the remaining size"
msgstr "Donnez-lui la taille restante"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2024
msgid "On the \"configuration\" field that comes with the default image, press \"...\" and select \"Edit\", then on that menu add to @file{/dev/sdc} the \"Guix\" label."
msgstr "Dans le champ « configuration » de l'image par défaut, cliquez sur « … » et choisissez « Edit », puis sur le menu ajoutez l'étiquette « Guix » à @file{/dev/sdc}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2026
msgid "Now \"Add a Configuration\", with the following:"
msgstr "Maintenant « Add a Configuration », avec ce qui suit :"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2029
msgid "Label: Guix"
msgstr "Label: Guix"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2032
msgid "Kernel:GRUB 2 (it's at the bottom! This step is @b{IMPORTANT!})"
msgstr "Kernel: GRUB 2 (c'est à la toute fin ! Cette étape est @b{IMPORTANTE !})"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2035
msgid "Block device assignment:"
msgstr "Périphériques blocs assignés :"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2038
msgid "@file{/dev/sda}: Guix"
msgstr "@file{/dev/sda} : Guix"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2041
msgid "@file{/dev/sdb}: swap"
msgstr "@file{/dev/sdb} : swap"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2044
msgid "Root device: @file{/dev/sda}"
msgstr "Périphérique racine : @file{/dev/sda}"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2047
msgid "Turn off all the filesystem/boot helpers"
msgstr "Désactivez tous les programmes d'aide pour les systèmes de fichiers et le démarrage"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2054
msgid "Now power it back up, picking the Debian configuration.  Once it's booted up, ssh in your server via @code{ssh root@@@var{<your-server-IP-here>}}. (You can find your server IP address in your Linode Summary section.) Now you can run the \"install guix from @pxref{Binary Installation,,, guix, GNU Guix}\" steps:"
msgstr "Maintenant démarrez le serveur et choisissez la configuration Debian. Une fois démarré, connectez vous en ssh au serveur avec @code{ssh root@@@var{<IP-de-votre-serveur-ici>}}. (Vous pouvez trouver l'adresse IP de votre serveur dans la section résumé de Linode). Maintenant vous pouvez lancer les étapes d'installation de @pxref{Installation binaire,,, guix.fr, GNU Guix} :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2062
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"sudo apt-get install gpg\n"
"wget https://sv.gnu.org/people/viewgpg.php?user_id=15145 -qO - | gpg --import -\n"
"wget https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/guix.git/plain/etc/guix-install.sh\n"
"chmod +x guix-install.sh\n"
"./guix-install.sh\n"
"guix pull\n"
msgstr ""
"sudo apt-get install gpg\n"
"wget https://sv.gnu.org/people/viewgpg.php?user_id=15145 -qO - | gpg --import -\n"
"wget https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/guix.git/plain/etc/guix-install.sh\n"
"chmod +x guix-install.sh\n"
"./guix-install.sh\n"
"guix pull\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2066
msgid "Now it's time to write out a config for the server.  The key information is below. Save the resulting file as @file{guix-config.scm}."
msgstr "Maintenant il est temps d'écrire une configuration pour le serveur. Voici ce que vous devrez obligatoirement écrire, en plus de vos propres configurations. Enregistrez le fichier avec le nom @file{guix-config.scm}."

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2077
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(use-modules (gnu)\n"
"             (guix modules))\n"
"(use-service-modules networking\n"
"                     ssh)\n"
"(use-package-modules admin\n"
"                     certs\n"
"                     package-management\n"
"                     ssh\n"
"                     tls)\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(use-modules (gnu)\n"
"             (guix modules))\n"
"(use-service-modules networking\n"
"                     ssh)\n"
"(use-package-modules admin\n"
"                     certs\n"
"                     package-management\n"
"                     ssh\n"
"                     tls)\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2094
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(operating-system\n"
"  (host-name \"my-server\")\n"
"  (timezone \"America/New_York\")\n"
"  (locale \"en_US.UTF-8\")\n"
"  ;; This goofy code will generate the grub.cfg\n"
"  ;; without installing the grub bootloader on disk.\n"
"  (bootloader (bootloader-configuration\n"
"               (bootloader\n"
"                (bootloader\n"
"                 (inherit grub-bootloader)\n"
"                 (installer #~(const #true))))))\n"
"  (file-systems (cons (file-system\n"
"                        (device \"/dev/sda\")\n"
"                        (mount-point \"/\")\n"
"                        (type \"ext4\"))\n"
"                      %base-file-systems))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(operating-system\n"
"  (host-name \"my-server\")\n"
"  (timezone \"America/New_York\")\n"
"  (locale \"en_US.UTF-8\")\n"
"  ;; Ce code va générer un grub.cfg\n"
"  ;; sans installer le chargeur d'amorçage grub sur le disque.\n"
"  (bootloader (bootloader-configuration\n"
"               (bootloader\n"
"                (bootloader\n"
"                 (inherit grub-bootloader)\n"
"                 (installer #~(const #true))))))\n"
"  (file-systems (cons (file-system\n"
"                        (device \"/dev/sda\")\n"
"                        (mount-point \"/\")\n"
"                        (type \"ext4\"))\n"
"                      %base-file-systems))\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2097
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"  (swap-devices (list \"/dev/sdb\"))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"  (swap-devices (list \"/dev/sdb\"))\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2101
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"  (initrd-modules (cons \"virtio_scsi\"    ; Needed to find the disk\n"
"                        %base-initrd-modules))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"  (initrd-modules (cons \"virtio_scsi\"    ; Requis pour trouver le disque\n"
"                        %base-initrd-modules))\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2110
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"  (users (cons (user-account\n"
"                (name \"janedoe\")\n"
"                (group \"users\")\n"
"                ;; Adding the account to the \"wheel\" group\n"
"                ;; makes it a sudoer.\n"
"                (supplementary-groups '(\"wheel\"))\n"
"                (home-directory \"/home/janedoe\"))\n"
"               %base-user-accounts))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"  (users (cons (user-account\n"
"                (name \"janedoe\")\n"
"                (group \"users\")\n"
"                ;; Ajoute le compte au groupe « wheel »\n"
"                ;; pour en faire un sudoer.\n"
"                (supplementary-groups '(\"wheel\"))\n"
"                (home-directory \"/home/janedoe\"))\n"
"               %base-user-accounts))\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2114
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"  (packages (cons* nss-certs            ;for HTTPS access\n"
"                   openssh-sans-x\n"
"                   %base-packages))\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"  (packages (cons* nss-certs            ; pour l'accès HTTPS\n"
"                   openssh-sans-x\n"
"                   %base-packages))\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2125
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"  (services (cons*\n"
"             (service dhcp-client-service-type)\n"
"             (service openssh-service-type\n"
"                      (openssh-configuration\n"
"                       (openssh openssh-sans-x)\n"
"                       (password-authentication? #false)\n"
"                       (authorized-keys\n"
"                        `((\"janedoe\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\"))\n"
"                          (\"root\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\"))))))\n"
"             %base-services)))\n"
msgstr ""
"  (services (cons*\n"
"             (service dhcp-client-service-type)\n"
"             (service openssh-service-type\n"
"                      (openssh-configuration\n"
"                       (openssh openssh-sans-x)\n"
"                       (password-authentication? #false)\n"
"                       (authorized-keys\n"
"                        `((\"janedoe\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\"))\n"
"                          (\"root\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\"))))))\n"
"             %base-services)))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2128
msgid "Replace the following fields in the above configuration:"
msgstr "Remplacez les champs suivants dans la configuration ci-dessus :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2136
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(host-name \"my-server\")       ; replace with your server name\n"
"; if you chose a linode server outside the U.S., then\n"
"; use tzselect to find a correct timezone string\n"
"(timezone \"America/New_York\") ; if needed replace timezone\n"
"(name \"janedoe\")              ; replace with your username\n"
"(\"janedoe\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\")) ; replace with your ssh key\n"
"(\"root\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\")) ; replace with your ssh key\n"
msgstr ""
"(host-name \"my-server\")       ; remplacez avec le nom de votre serveur\n"
"; si vous avez choisi un serveur Linode en dehors des U.S.,\n"
"; utilisez tzselect pour trouver le bon fuseau horaire\n"
"(timezone \"America/New_York\") ; remplacez le fuseau horaire si besoin\n"
"(name \"janedoe\")              ; remplacez avec votre nom d'utilisateur\n"
"(\"janedoe\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\")) ; remplacez par votre clé ssh\n"
"(\"root\" ,(local-file \"janedoe_rsa.pub\")) ; remplacez par votre clé ssh\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2142
msgid "The last line in the above example lets you log into the server as root and set the initial root password.  After you have done this, you may delete that line from your configuration and reconfigure to prevent root login."
msgstr "Cette dernière ligne vous permet de vous connecter au serveur en root et de créer le mot de passe initial. Après avoir fait cela, vous pouvez supprimer cette ligne de votre configuration et reconfigurer pour empêcher la connexion directe en root."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2147
msgid "Save your ssh public key (eg: @file{~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub}) as @file{@var{<your-username-here>}_rsa.pub} and your @file{guix-config.scm} in the same directory.  In a new terminal run these commands."
msgstr "Enregistrez votre clé ssh publique (ex : @file{~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub}) dans @file{@var{<votre-nom-d'utilisateur>}_rsa.pub} et votre @file{guix-config.scm} dans le même répertoire. Dans un nouveau terminal lancez ces commandes."

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2152
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"sftp root@@<remote server ip address>\n"
"put /home/<username>/ssh/id_rsa.pub .\n"
"put /path/to/linode/guix-config.scm .\n"
msgstr ""
"sftp root@@<remote server ip address>\n"
"put /home/<username>/ssh/id_rsa.pub .\n"
"put /path/to/linode/guix-config.scm .\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2155
msgid "In your first terminal, mount the guix drive:"
msgstr "Dans votre premier terminal, montez le disque guix :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2159
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"mkdir /mnt/guix\n"
"mount /dev/sdc /mnt/guix\n"
msgstr ""
"mkdir /mnt/guix\n"
"mount /dev/sdc /mnt/guix\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2164
msgid "Due to the way we set things up above, we do not install GRUB completely.  Instead we install only our grub configuration file.  So we need to copy over some of the other GRUB stuff that is already there:"
msgstr "À cause de la manière dont nous avons paramétré les choses au-dessus, nous n'installons pas GRUB complètement. Au lieu de cela, nous installons seulement notre fichier de configuration grub. Donc on doit copier certains fichiers GRUB déjà présents :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2168
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"mkdir -p /mnt/guix/boot/grub\n"
"cp -r /boot/grub/* /mnt/guix/boot/grub/\n"
msgstr ""
"mkdir -p /mnt/guix/boot/grub\n"
"cp -r /boot/grub/* /mnt/guix/boot/grub/\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2171
msgid "Now initialize the Guix installation:"
msgstr "Maintenant initialisez l'installation de Guix :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2174
#, no-wrap
msgid "guix system init guix-config.scm /mnt/guix\n"
msgstr "guix system init guix-config.scm /mnt/guix\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2178
msgid "Ok, power it down! Now from the Linode console, select boot and select \"Guix\"."
msgstr "Ok, éteignez maintenant le serveur ! Depuis la console Linode, démarrez et choisissez « Guix »."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2181
msgid "Once it boots, you should be able to log in via SSH! (The server config will have changed though.)  You may encounter an error like:"
msgstr "Une fois démarré, vous devriez pouvoir vous connecter en SSH ! (La configuration du serveur aura cependant changé). Vous pouvez rencontrer une erreur de ce type :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2197
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ ssh root@@<server ip address>\n"
"@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\n"
"@    WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED!     @\n"
"@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\n"
"IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!\n"
"Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!\n"
"It is also possible that a host key has just been changed.\n"
"The fingerprint for the ECDSA key sent by the remote host is\n"
"SHA256:0B+wp33w57AnKQuHCvQP0+ZdKaqYrI/kyU7CfVbS7R4.\n"
"Please contact your system administrator.\n"
"Add correct host key in /home/joshua/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message.\n"
"Offending ECDSA key in /home/joshua/.ssh/known_hosts:3\n"
"ECDSA host key for 198.58.98.76 has changed and you have requested strict checking.\n"
"Host key verification failed.\n"
msgstr ""
"$ ssh root@@<server ip address>\n"
"@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\n"
"@    WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED!     @\n"
"@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\n"
"IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!\n"
"Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!\n"
"It is also possible that a host key has just been changed.\n"
"The fingerprint for the ECDSA key sent by the remote host is\n"
"SHA256:0B+wp33w57AnKQuHCvQP0+ZdKaqYrI/kyU7CfVbS7R4.\n"
"Please contact your system administrator.\n"
"Add correct host key in /home/joshua/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message.\n"
"Offending ECDSA key in /home/joshua/.ssh/known_hosts:3\n"
"ECDSA host key for 198.58.98.76 has changed and you have requested strict checking.\n"
"Host key verification failed.\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2201
msgid "Either delete @file{~/.ssh/known_hosts} file, or delete the offending line starting with your server IP address."
msgstr "Vous pouvez soit supprimer @file{~/.ssh/known_hosts}, soit supprimer la ligne qui pose problème, qui commence par l'adresse IP de votre serveur."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2203
msgid "Be sure to set your password and root's password."
msgstr "Assurez-vous de configurer votre mot de passe et celui de root."

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2208
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"ssh root@@<remote ip address>\n"
"passwd  ; for the root password\n"
"passwd <username> ; for the user password\n"
msgstr ""
"ssh root@@<remote ip address>\n"
"passwd  ; pour le mot de passe root\n"
"passwd <username> ; pour le mot de passe utilisateur\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2215
msgid "You may not be able to run the above commands at this point.  If you have issues remotely logging into your linode box via SSH, then you may still need to set your root and user password initially by clicking on the ``Launch Console'' option in your linode.  Choose the ``Glish'' instead of ``Weblish''.  Now you should be able to ssh into the machine."
msgstr "Il se peut que vous ne puissiez pas lancer les commandes précédentes si vous n'arrivez pas à vous connecter à distance via SSH, auquel cas vous devrez peut-être configurer vos mot de passes utilisateurs et root en cliquant sur « Launch Console » dans votre espace Linode. Choisissez « Glish » au lieu de « Weblish ». Maintenant vous devriez pouvoir vous connecter en ssh à la machine."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2219
msgid "Horray! At this point you can shut down the server, delete the Debian disk, and resize the Guix to the rest of the size.  Congratulations!"
msgstr "Hourra ! Maintenant vous pouvez étendre le serveur, supprimer le disque Debian et redimensionner celui de Guix. Bravo !"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2224
msgid "By the way, if you save it as a disk image right at this point, you'll have an easy time spinning up new Guix images! You may need to down-size the Guix image to 6144MB, to save it as an image.  Then you can resize it again to the max size."
msgstr "Au fait, si vous sauvegardez le résultat dans une image disque maintenant, vous pourrez plus facilement démarrer de nouvelles images de guix ! Vous devrez peut-être réduire la taille de l'image Guix à 6144 Mo, pour la sauvegarder en tant qu'image. Ensuite vous pouvez redimensionner la partition à la taille maximum."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2233
msgid "To bind mount a file system, one must first set up some definitions before the @code{operating-system} section of the system definition.  In this example we will bind mount a folder from a spinning disk drive to @file{/tmp}, to save wear and tear on the primary SSD, without dedicating an entire partition to be mounted as @file{/tmp}."
msgstr "Pour dupliquer le montage d'un système de fichier (@i{bind mount}), on doit d'abord ajouter quelques définitions avant la section @code{operating-system} de la définition de système d'exploitation. Dans cet exemple nous allons dupliquer le montage d'un dossier d'un disque dur vers @file{/tmp}, pour éviter d'épuiser le SSD principal, sans dédier une partition entière à @file{/tmp}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2236
msgid "First, the source drive that hosts the folder we wish to bind mount should be defined, so that the bind mount can depend on it."
msgstr "Déjà, le disque source qui héberge de dossier dont nous voulons dupliquer le montage doit être défini, pour que le montage dupliqué puisse en dépendre."

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2243
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(define source-drive ;; \"source-drive\" can be named anything you want.\n"
"   (file-system\n"
"    (device (uuid \"UUID goes here\"))\n"
"    (mount-point \"/path-to-spinning-disk-goes-here\")\n"
"    (type \"ext4\"))) ;; Make sure to set this to the appropriate type for your drive.\n"
msgstr ""
"(define source-drive ;; vous pouvez nommer « source-drive » comme vous le souhaitez.\n"
"   (file-system\n"
"    (device (uuid \"indiquez l'UUID ici\"))\n"
"    (mount-point \"/chemin-vers-le-disque-dur\")\n"
"    (type \"ext4\"))) ;; Assurez-vous d'indiquer le bon type pour la partition\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2247
msgid "The source folder must also be defined, so that guix will know it's not a regular block device, but a folder."
msgstr "Le dossier source doit aussi être défini, pour que guix sache qu'il ne s'agit pas d'un périphérique bloc, mais d'un dossier."

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2249
#, no-wrap
msgid "(define (%source-directory) \"/path-to-spinning-disk-goes-here/tmp\") ;; \"source-directory\" can be named any valid variable name.\n"
msgstr "(define (%source-directory) \"/chemin-vers-le-disque-dur/tmp\") ;; vous pouvez nommer « source-directory » comme vous le souhaitez.\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2253
msgid "Finally, inside the @code{file-systems} definition, we must add the mount itself."
msgstr "Enfin, dans la définition @code{file-systems}, on doit ajouter le montage lui-même."

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2256
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(file-systems (cons*\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(file-systems (cons*\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2258
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"                ...<other drives omitted for clarity>...\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"                ...<d'autres montages omis pour rester concis>...\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2260
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"                source-drive ;; Must match the name you gave the source drive in the earlier definition.\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"                source-drive ;; Doit correspondre au nom que vous avez donné au disque source dans la définition précédente.\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2268
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"                (file-system\n"
"                 (device (%source-directory)) ;; Make sure \"source-directory\" matches your earlier definition.\n"
"                 (mount-point \"/tmp\")\n"
"                 (type \"none\") ;; We are mounting a folder, not a partition, so this type needs to be \"none\"\n"
"                 (flags '(bind-mount))\n"
"                 (dependencies (list source-drive)) ;; Ensure \"source-drive\" matches what you've named the variable for the drive.\n"
"                 )\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"                (file-system\n"
"                 (device (%source-directory)) ;; Assurez-vous que « source-directory » corresponde à la définition précédente.\n"
"                 (mount-point \"/tmp\")\n"
"                 (type \"none\") ;; On monte un dossier, pas une partition, donc le montage est de type « none »\n"
"                 (flags '(bind-mount))\n"
"                 (dependencies (list source-drive)) ;; Assurez-vous que « source-drive » corresponde au nom de la variable pour le disque.\n"
"                 )\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2270
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"                 ...<other drives omitted for clarity>...\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"                 ...<d'autres montages omis pour rester concis>...\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2272
#, no-wrap
msgid "                ))\n"
msgstr "                ))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2279
msgid "Guix daemon can use a HTTP proxy to get substitutes, here we are configuring it to get them via Tor."
msgstr "Le démon Guix peut utiliser un mandataire HTTP pour récupérer des substituts. Nous le configurons ici pour les récupérer par Tor."

#. type: quotation
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2280
#, no-wrap
msgid "Warning"
msgstr "Attention"

#. type: quotation
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2286
msgid "@emph{Not all} Guix daemon's traffic will go through Tor! Only HTTP/HTTPS will get proxied; FTP, Git protocol, SSH, etc connections will still go through the clearnet.  Again, this configuration isn't foolproof some of your traffic won't get routed by Tor at all.  Use it at your own risk."
msgstr "@emph{Tout} le trafic du démon de passera @emph{pas} par Tor ! Seuls HTTP/HTTPS passer par le mandataire ; les connexions FTP, avec le protocol Git, SSH, etc, passeront toujours par le réseau en clair. De nouveau, cette configuration n'est pas parfaite et une partie de votre trafic ne sera pas routé par Tor du tout. Utilisez-la à vos risques et périls."

#. type: quotation
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2292
msgid "Also note that the procedure described here applies only to package substitution. When you update your guix distribution with @command{guix pull}, you still need to use @command{torsocks} if you want to route the connection to guix's git repository servers through Tor."
msgstr "Remarquez aussi que la procédure décrite ici ne s'applique qu'à la substitution de paquets. Lorsque vous mettez à jour la distribution avec @command{guix pull}, vous aurez encore besoin de @command{torsocks} si vous voulez router la connexion vers les serveurs de dépôts git à travers Tor."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2297
msgid "Guix's substitute server is available as a Onion service, if you want to use it to get your substitutes through Tor configure your system as follow:"
msgstr "Le serveur de substitut de Guix est disponible sur un service Onion. Si vous voulez l'utiliser pour récupérer des substituts par Tor, configurez votre système de cette manière :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2301
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
"(use-service-module base networking)\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
"(use-service-module base networking)\n"
"\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2317
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(operating-system\n"
"  …\n"
"  (services\n"
"    (cons\n"
"      (service tor-service-type\n"
"              (tor-configuration\n"
"                (config-file (plain-file \"tor-config\"\n"
"                                         \"HTTPTunnelPort 127.0.0.1:9250\"))))\n"
"      (modify-services %base-services\n"
"        (guix-service-type\n"
"          config => (guix-configuration\n"
"                      (inherit config)\n"
"                      ;; ci.guix.gnu.org's Onion service\n"
"                      (substitute-urls \"https://bp7o7ckwlewr4slm.onion\")\n"
"                      (http-proxy \"http://localhost:9250\")))))))\n"
msgstr ""
"(operating-system\n"
"  …\n"
"  (services\n"
"    (cons\n"
"      (service tor-service-type\n"
"              (tor-configuration\n"
"                (config-file (plain-file \"tor-config\"\n"
"                                         \"HTTPTunnelPort 127.0.0.1:9250\"))))\n"
"      (modify-services %base-services\n"
"        (guix-service-type\n"
"          config => (guix-configuration\n"
"                      (inherit config)\n"
"                      ;; service Onion de ci.guix.gnu.org\n"
"                      (substitute-urls \"https://bp7o7ckwlewr4slm.onion\")\n"
"                      (http-proxy \"http://localhost:9250\")))))))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2326
msgid "This will keep a tor process running that provides a HTTP CONNECT tunnel which will be used by @command{guix-daemon}.  The daemon can use other protocols than HTTP(S) to get remote resources, request using those protocols won't go through Tor since we are only setting a HTTP tunnel here.  Note that @code{substitutes-urls} is using HTTPS and not HTTP or it won't work, that's a limitation of Tor's tunnel; you may want to use @command{privoxy} instead to avoid such limitations."
msgstr "Cela fera tourner le processus tor et fournira un tunnel HTTP CONNECT qui sera utilisé par @command{guix-daemon}. Le démon peut utiliser d'autres protocoles que HTTP(S) pour récupérer des ressources distantes. Les requêtes utilisant ces protocoles ne passeront pas par Tor puisqu'il s'agit d'un tunnel HTTP uniquement. Remarquez que @code{substitutes-urls} doit utiliser HTTPS et non HTTP, sinon ça ne fonctionne pas. C'est une limite du tunnel de Tor ; vous voudrez peut-être utiliser @command{privoxy} à la place pour éviter ces limites."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2330
msgid "If you don't want to always get substitutes through Tor but using it just some of the times, then skip the @code{guix-configuration}.  When you want to get a substitute from the Tor tunnel run:"
msgstr "Si vous ne voulez pas toute le temps récupérer des substituts à travers Tor mais l'utiliser seulement de temps en temps, alors ne modifiez pas l'objet @code{guix-configuration}. Lorsque vous voulez récupérer un substitut par le tunnel Tor, lancez :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2334
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"sudo herd set-http-proxy guix-daemon http://localhost:9250\n"
"guix build --substitute-urls=https://bp7o7ckwlewr4slm.onion …\n"
msgstr ""
"sudo herd set-http-proxy guix-daemon http://localhost:9250\n"
"guix build --substitute-urls=https://bp7o7ckwlewr4slm.onion …\n"

#. type: cindex
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2338
#, no-wrap
msgid "nginx, lua, openresty, resty"
msgstr "nginx, lua, openresty, resty"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2341
msgid "NGINX could be extended with Lua scripts."
msgstr "Les fonctionnalités de NGINX peuvent être étendues avec des scripts Lua."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2344
msgid "Guix provides NGINX service with ability to load Lua module and specific Lua packages, and reply to requests by evaluating Lua scripts."
msgstr "Guix fournit un service NGINX qui est capable de charger des modules et des paquets Lua spécifiques, et de répondre aux requêtes en évaluant des scripts Lua."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2348
msgid "The following example demonstrates system definition with configuration to evaluate @file{index.lua} Lua script on HTTP request to @uref{http://localhost/hello} endpoint:"
msgstr "L'exemple suivant montre une définition de système avec une configuration qui évalue le script Lua @file{index.lua} lors d'une requête HTTP à @uref{http://localhost/hello} :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2351
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"local shell = require \"resty.shell\"\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"local shell = require \"resty.shell\"\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2355
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"local stdin = \"\"\n"
"local timeout = 1000  -- ms\n"
"local max_size = 4096  -- byte\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"local stdin = \"\"\n"
"local timeout = 1000  -- ms\n"
"local max_size = 4096  -- byte\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2358
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"local ok, stdout, stderr, reason, status =\n"
"   shell.run([[/run/current-system/profile/bin/ls /tmp]], stdin, timeout, max_size)\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"local ok, stdout, stderr, reason, status =\n"
"   shell.run([[/run/current-system/profile/bin/ls /tmp]], stdin, timeout, max_size)\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2360
#, no-wrap
msgid "ngx.say(stdout)\n"
msgstr "ngx.say(stdout)\n"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2391
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
"(use-service-modules #;… web)\n"
"(use-package-modules #;… lua)\n"
"(operating-system\n"
"  ;; …\n"
"  (services\n"
"   ;; …\n"
"   (service nginx-service-type\n"
"            (nginx-configuration\n"
"             (modules\n"
"              (list\n"
"               (file-append nginx-lua-module \"/etc/nginx/modules/ngx_http_lua_module.so\")))\n"
"             (lua-package-path (list lua-resty-core\n"
"                                     lua-resty-lrucache\n"
"                                     lua-resty-signal\n"
"                                     lua-tablepool\n"
"                                     lua-resty-shell))\n"
"             (lua-package-cpath (list lua-resty-signal))\n"
"             (server-blocks\n"
"              (list (nginx-server-configuration\n"
"                     (server-name '(\"localhost\"))\n"
"                     (listen '(\"80\"))\n"
"                     (root \"/etc\")\n"
"                     (locations (list\n"
"                                 (nginx-location-configuration\n"
"                                  (uri \"/hello\")\n"
"                                  (body (list #~(format #f \"content_by_lua_file ~s;\"\n"
"                                                        #$(local-file \"index.lua\"))))))))))))))\n"
msgstr ""
"(use-modules (gnu))\n"
"(use-service-modules #;… web)\n"
"(use-package-modules #;… lua)\n"
"(operating-system\n"
"  ;; …\n"
"  (services\n"
"   ;; …\n"
"   (service nginx-service-type\n"
"            (nginx-configuration\n"
"             (modules\n"
"              (list\n"
"               (file-append nginx-lua-module \"/etc/nginx/modules/ngx_http_lua_module.so\")))\n"
"             (lua-package-path (list lua-resty-core\n"
"                                     lua-resty-lrucache\n"
"                                     lua-resty-signal\n"
"                                     lua-tablepool\n"
"                                     lua-resty-shell))\n"
"             (lua-package-cpath (list lua-resty-signal))\n"
"             (server-blocks\n"
"              (list (nginx-server-configuration\n"
"                     (server-name '(\"localhost\"))\n"
"                     (listen '(\"80\"))\n"
"                     (root \"/etc\")\n"
"                     (locations (list\n"
"                                 (nginx-location-configuration\n"
"                                  (uri \"/hello\")\n"
"                                  (body (list #~(format #f \"content_by_lua_file ~s;\"\n"
"                                                        #$(local-file \"index.lua\"))))))))))))))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2402
msgid "Guix is a functional package manager that offers many features beyond what more traditional package managers can do.  To the uninitiated, those features might not have obvious use cases at first.  The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate some advanced package management concepts."
msgstr "Guix est un gestionnaire de paquets fonctionnel qui propose de nombreuses fonctionnalités en plus de ce que les gestionnaires de paquets traditionnels peuvent faire. Pour quelqu'un qui n'est pas initié, ces fonctionnalités peuvent ne pas paraître utiles au premier coup d'œil. Le but de ce chapitre est de vous montrer certains concepts avancés en gestion de paquets."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2405
msgid "@pxref{Package Management,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual} for a complete reference."
msgstr "@pxref{Gestion des paquets,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix} pour une référence complète."

#. type: section
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2408 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2410
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2411
#, no-wrap
msgid "Guix Profiles in Practice"
msgstr "Les profils Guix en pratique"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2408
msgid "Strategies for multiple profiles and manifests."
msgstr "Stratégies pour gérer plusieurs profils et manifestes."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2416
msgid "Guix provides a very useful feature that may be quite foreign to newcomers: @emph{profiles}.  They are a way to group package installations together and all users on the same system are free to use as many profiles as they want."
msgstr "Guix fournit une fonctionnalité utile que peut être plutôt étrange pour les débutants et débutantes : les @emph{profils}. C'est une manière de regrouper l'installation de paquets ensemble et chaque utilisateur ou utilisatrice du même système peuvent avoir autant de profils que souhaité."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2421
msgid "Whether you're a developer or not, you may find that multiple profiles bring you great power and flexibility.  While they shift the paradigm somewhat compared to @emph{traditional package managers}, they are very convenient to use once you've understood how to set them up."
msgstr "Que vous programmiez ou non, vous trouverez sans doute plus de flexibilité et de possibilité avec plusieurs profils. Bien qu'ils changent un peu du paradigme des @emph{gestionnaires de paquets traditionnels}, ils sont pratiques à utiliser une fois que vous avec saisi comment les configurer."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2427
msgid "If you are familiar with Python's @samp{virtualenv}, you can think of a profile as a kind of universal @samp{virtualenv} that can hold any kind of software whatsoever, not just Python software.  Furthermore, profiles are self-sufficient: they capture all the runtime dependencies which guarantees that all programs within a profile will always work at any point in time."
msgstr "Si vous connaissez @samp{virtualenv} de Python, vous pouvez conceptualiser un profil comme une sorte de @samp{virtualenv} universel qui peut contenir n'importe quel sorte de logiciel, pas seulement du code Python. En plus, les profils sont auto-suffisants : ils capturent toutes les dépendances à l'exécution qui garantissent que tous les programmes d'un profil fonctionneront toujours à tout instant."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2429
msgid "Multiple profiles have many benefits:"
msgstr "Avoir plusieurs profils présente de nombreux intérêts :"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2433
msgid "Clean semantic separation of the various packages a user needs for different contexts."
msgstr "Une séparation sémantique claire des divers paquets dont vous avez besoin pour différents contextes."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2437
msgid "Multiple profiles can be made available into the environment either on login or within a dedicated shell."
msgstr "On peut rendre plusieurs profils disponibles dans l'environnement soit à la connexion, soit dans un shell dédié."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2441
msgid "Profiles can be loaded on demand.  For instance, the user can use multiple shells, each of them running different profiles."
msgstr "Les profils peuvent être chargés à la demande. Par exemple, vous pouvez utiliser plusieurs shells, chacun dans un profil différent."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2446
msgid "Isolation: Programs from one profile will not use programs from the other, and the user can even install different versions of the same programs to the two profiles without conflict."
msgstr "L'isolation : les programmes d'un profil n'utiliseront pas ceux d'un autre, et vous pouvez même installe plusieurs versions d'un même programme dans deux profils différents, sans conflit."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2450
msgid "Deduplication: Profiles share dependencies that happens to be the exact same.  This makes multiple profiles storage-efficient."
msgstr "Déduplication : les profils partagent les dépendances qui sont exactement les mêmes. Avoir plusieurs profils ne gâche donc pas d'espace."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2458
msgid "Reproducible: when used with declarative manifests, a profile can be fully specified by the Guix commit that was active when it was set up.  This means that the exact same profile can be @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/blog/2018/multi-dimensional-transactions-and-rollbacks-oh-my/, set up anywhere and anytime}, with just the commit information.  See the section on @ref{Reproducible profiles}."
msgstr "Reproductible : lorsque vous utilisez des manifestes déclaratifs, un profil peut être entièrement spécifié par le commit Guix qui a été utilisé pour le créer. Cela signifie que vous pouvez @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/blog/2018/multi-dimensional-transactions-and-rollbacks-oh-my/, recréer n'importe où et à n'importe quel moment} exactement le même profil, avec juste l'information du numéro de commit. Voir la section sur les @ref{Reproducible profiles}."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2462
msgid "Easier upgrades and maintenance: Multiple profiles make it easy to keep package listings at hand and make upgrades completely frictionless."
msgstr "Des mises à jours et une maintenance plus faciles : avoir plusieurs profils facilite la gestion des listes de paquets à la main."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2465
msgid "Concretely, here follows some typical profiles:"
msgstr "Concrètement voici des profils courants :"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2469
msgid "The dependencies of a project you are working on."
msgstr "Les dépendances d'un projet sur lequel vous travaillez."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2472
msgid "Your favourite programming language libraries."
msgstr "Des bibliothèques de votre langage de programmation favori."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2475
msgid "Laptop-specific programs (like @samp{powertop}) that you don't need on a desktop."
msgstr "Des programmes spécifiques pour les ordinateurs portables (comme @samp{powertop}) dont vous n'avez pas besoin sur un ordinateur de bureau."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2479
msgid "@TeX{}live (this one can be really useful when you need to install just one package for this one document you've just received over email)."
msgstr "@TeX{}live (il peut être bien pratique si vous avez besoin d'installer un seul paquet pour un document que vous avez reçu par courriel)."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2482
msgid "Games."
msgstr "Jeux."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2485
msgid "Let's dive in the set up!"
msgstr "Voyons cela de plus près !"

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2486 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2487
#, no-wrap
msgid "Basic setup with manifests"
msgstr "Utilisation de base avec des manifestes"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2491
msgid "A Guix profile can be set up @emph{via} a so-called @emph{manifest specification} that looks like this:"
msgstr "On peut créer un profil Guix avec une @emph{spécification de manifeste} qui ressemble à ceci :"

#. type: lisp
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2501
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"(specifications->manifest\n"
"  '(\"package-1\"\n"
"    ;; Version 1.3 of package-2.\n"
"    \"package-2@@1.3\"\n"
"    ;; The \"lib\" output of package-3.\n"
"    \"package-3:lib\"\n"
"    ; ...\n"
"    \"package-N\"))\n"
msgstr ""
"(specifications->manifest\n"
"  '(\"package-1\"\n"
"    ;; Version 1.3 de package-2.\n"
"    \"package-2@@1.3\"\n"
"    ;; La sortie « lib » de package-3.\n"
"    \"package-3:lib\"\n"
"    ; ...\n"
"    \"package-N\"))\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2505
msgid "@pxref{Invoking guix package,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}, for the syntax details."
msgstr "@pxref{Invoquer guix package,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}, pour les détails sur la syntaxe."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2507
msgid "We can create a manifest specification per profile and install them this way:"
msgstr "On peut créer une spécification de manifeste par profil et les installer de cette manière :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2512
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES=$HOME/.guix-extra-profiles\n"
"mkdir -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project # if it does not exist yet\n"
"guix package --manifest=/path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm --profile=\"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"
msgstr ""
"GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES=$HOME/.guix-extra-profiles\n"
"mkdir -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project # s'il n'existe pas encore\n"
"guix package --manifest=/path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm --profile=\"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2516
msgid "Here we set an arbitrary variable @samp{GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES} to point to the directory where we will store our profiles in the rest of this article."
msgstr "On spécifie ici une variable arbitraire @samp{GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES} pour pointer vers le répertoire où seront stockés nos profils dans le reste de cet article."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2522
msgid "Placing all your profiles in a single directory, with each profile getting its own sub-directory, is somewhat cleaner.  This way, each sub-directory will contain all the symlinks for precisely one profile.  Besides, ``looping over profiles'' becomes obvious from any programming language (e.g.@: a shell script) by simply looping over the sub-directories of @samp{$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES}."
msgstr "C'est un peu plus propre de placer tous vos profils dans un répertoire unique, où chaque profil a son propre sous-répertoire. De cette manière, chaque sous-répertoire contiendra tous les liens symboliques pour exactement un profil. En plus, il devient facile d'énumérer les profils depuis n'importe quel langage de programmation (p.@: ex.@: un script shell) en énumérant simplement les sous-répertoires de @samp{$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2524
msgid "Note that it's also possible to loop over the output of"
msgstr "Remarquez qu'il est aussi possible d'utiliser la sortie de"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2527
#, no-wrap
msgid "guix package --list-profiles\n"
msgstr "guix package --list-profiles\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2530
msgid "although you'll probably have to filter out @file{~/.config/guix/current}."
msgstr "même si vous devrez sans doute enlever @file{~/.config/guix/current}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2532
msgid "To enable all profiles on login, add this to your @file{~/.bash_profile} (or similar):"
msgstr "Pour activer tous les profils à la connexion, ajoutez cela à votre @file{~/.bash_profile} (ou similaire) :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2542
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"for i in $GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES/*; do\n"
"  profile=$i/$(basename \"$i\")\n"
"  if [ -f \"$profile\"/etc/profile ]; then\n"
"    GUIX_PROFILE=\"$profile\"\n"
"    . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
"  fi\n"
"  unset profile\n"
"done\n"
msgstr ""
"for i in $GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES/*; do\n"
"  profile=$i/$(basename \"$i\")\n"
"  if [ -f \"$profile\"/etc/profile ]; then\n"
"    GUIX_PROFILE=\"$profile\"\n"
"    . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
"  fi\n"
"  unset profile\n"
"done\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2547
msgid "Note to Guix System users: the above reflects how your default profile @file{~/.guix-profile} is activated from @file{/etc/profile}, that latter being loaded by @file{~/.bashrc} by default."
msgstr "Remarque pour les utilisateurs du système Guix : ce qui précède ressemble à la manière dont votre profil par défaut @file{~/.guix-profile} est activé dans @file{/etc/profile}, ce dernier étant chargé par défaut par @file{~/.bashrc}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2549
msgid "You can obviously choose to only enable a subset of them:"
msgstr "Vous pouvez évidemment choisir de n'en activer qu'une partie :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2559
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"for i in \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project-1 \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project-2; do\n"
"  profile=$i/$(basename \"$i\")\n"
"  if [ -f \"$profile\"/etc/profile ]; then\n"
"    GUIX_PROFILE=\"$profile\"\n"
"    . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
"  fi\n"
"  unset profile\n"
"done\n"
msgstr ""
"for i in \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project-1 \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project-2; do\n"
"  profile=$i/$(basename \"$i\")\n"
"  if [ -f \"$profile\"/etc/profile ]; then\n"
"    GUIX_PROFILE=\"$profile\"\n"
"    . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
"  fi\n"
"  unset profile\n"
"done\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2563
msgid "When a profile is off, it's straightforward to enable it for an individual shell without \"polluting\" the rest of the user session:"
msgstr "Lorsqu'un profil est désactivé, il est facile de l'activer pour un shell individuel sans « polluer » le reste de la session :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2566
#, no-wrap
msgid "GUIX_PROFILE=\"path/to/my-project\" ; . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"
msgstr "GUIX_PROFILE=\"path/to/my-project\" ; . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2573
msgid "The key to enabling a profile is to @emph{source} its @samp{etc/profile} file.  This file contains shell code that exports the right environment variables necessary to activate the software contained in the profile.  It is built automatically by Guix and meant to be sourced.  It contains the same variables you would get if you ran:"
msgstr "Le secret pour activer un profil est de @emph{sourcer} son fichier @samp{etc/profile}. Ce fichier contient du code shell qui exporte les bonnes variables d'environnement nécessaires à activer les logiciels présents dans le profil. Il est créé automatiquement par Guix et doit être sourcé. Il contient les mêmes variables que ce que vous obtiendrez en lançant :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2576
#, no-wrap
msgid "guix package --search-paths=prefix --profile=$my_profile\"\n"
msgstr "guix package --search-paths=prefix --profile=$my_profile\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2580
msgid "Once again, see (@pxref{Invoking guix package,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})  for the command line options."
msgstr "Encore une fois, @xref{Invoquer guix package,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix} pour les options de la ligne de commande."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2582
msgid "To upgrade a profile, simply install the manifest again:"
msgstr "Pour mettre à jour un profil, installez de nouveau le manifeste :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2585
#, no-wrap
msgid "guix package -m /path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"
msgstr "guix package -m /path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2591
msgid "To upgrade all profiles, it's easy enough to loop over them.  For instance, assuming your manifest specifications are stored in @file{~/.guix-manifests/guix-$profile-manifest.scm}, with @samp{$profile} being the name of the profile (e.g.@: \"project1\"), you could do the following in Bourne shell:"
msgstr "Pour mettre à jour tous les profils, vous pouvez simplement les énumérer. Par exemple, en supposant que vous spécifications sont dans @file{~/.guix-manifests/guix-$profile-manifest.scm}, où @samp{$profile} est le nom du profil (p.@: ex@: « projet1 »), vous pouvez utiliser ce qui suit dans le shell :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2596
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"for profile in \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/*; do\n"
"  guix package --profile=\"$profile\" --manifest=\"$HOME/.guix-manifests/guix-$profile-manifest.scm\"\n"
"done\n"
msgstr ""
"for profile in \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/*; do\n"
"  guix package --profile=\"$profile\" --manifest=\"$HOME/.guix-manifests/guix-$profile-manifest.scm\"\n"
"done\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2599
msgid "Each profile has its own generations:"
msgstr "Chaque profil a ses propres générations :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2602
#, no-wrap
msgid "guix package -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project --list-generations\n"
msgstr "guix package -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project --list-generations\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2605
msgid "You can roll-back to any generation of a given profile:"
msgstr "Vous pouvez revenir à n'importe quelle génération d'un profil donné :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2608
#, no-wrap
msgid "guix package -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project --switch-generations=17\n"
msgstr "guix package -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project --switch-generations=17\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2612
msgid "Finally, if you want to switch to a profile without inheriting from the current environment, you can activate it from an empty shell:"
msgstr "Enfin, si vous voulez passer à un profil sans hériter l'environnement actuel, vous pouvez l'activer dans un shell vide :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2616
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"env -i $(which bash) --login --noprofile --norc\n"
". my-project/etc/profile\n"
msgstr ""
"env -i $(which bash) --login --noprofile --norc\n"
". my-project/etc/profile\n"

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2618 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2619
#, no-wrap
msgid "Required packages"
msgstr "Paquets requis"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2624
msgid "Activating a profile essentially boils down to exporting a bunch of environmental variables.  This is the role of the @samp{etc/profile} within the profile."
msgstr "Activer un profil consiste en substance à exporter un ensemble de variables d'environnement. C'est le rôle de @samp{etc/profile} dans le profil."

#. type: emph{#1}
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2627
msgid "Note: Only the environmental variables of the packages that consume them will be set."
msgstr "Remarque : seules les variables d'environnement des paquets qui les utilisent seront modifiées."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2631
msgid "For instance, @samp{MANPATH} won't be set if there is no consumer application for man pages within the profile.  So if you need to transparently access man pages once the profile is loaded, you've got two options:"
msgstr "Par exemple, @samp{MANPATH} ne sera pas modifié s'il n'y a pas d'application qui utilise les pages de manuel dans le profil. Donc si vous voulez pouvoir accéder aux pages de manuel facilement une fois le profil chargé, vous avez deux possibilités :"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2635
msgid "Either export the variable manually, e.g."
msgstr "Exporter la variable manuellement, p.@: ex@:"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2637
#, no-wrap
msgid "export MANPATH=/path/to/profile$@{MANPATH:+:@}$MANPATH\n"
msgstr "export MANPATH=/path/to/profile$@{MANPATH:+:@}$MANPATH\n"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2641
msgid "Or include @samp{man-db} to the profile manifest."
msgstr "Inclure @samp{man-db} dans le manifeste du profil."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2645
msgid "The same is true for @samp{INFOPATH} (you can install @samp{info-reader}), @samp{PKG_CONFIG_PATH} (install @samp{pkg-config}), etc."
msgstr "Il en va de même pour @samp{INFOPATH} (vous pouvez installer @samp{info-reader}), @samp{PKG_CONFIG_PATH} (installer @samp{pkg-config}), etc."

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2646 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2647
#, no-wrap
msgid "Default profile"
msgstr "Profil par défaut"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2650
msgid "What about the default profile that Guix keeps in @file{~/.guix-profile}?"
msgstr "Que faire du profil par défaut que Guix garder dans @file{~/.guix-profile} ?"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2653
msgid "You can assign it the role you want.  Typically you would install the manifest of the packages you want to use all the time."
msgstr "Vous pouvez lui assigner le rôle que vous souhaitez. Habituellement, vous y installerez un manifeste des paquets que vous voulez pouvoir utiliser dans toutes les situations."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2657
msgid "Alternatively, you could keep it ``manifest-less'' for throw-away packages that you would just use for a couple of days.  This way makes it convenient to run"
msgstr "Autrement, vous pouvez en faire un profil sans manifeste pour des paquets sans importance que vous voulez juste garder quelques jours. C'est une manière de pouvoir facilement lancer"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2661
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"guix install package-foo\n"
"guix upgrade package-bar\n"
msgstr ""
"guix install package-foo\n"
"guix upgrade package-bar\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2664
msgid "without having to specify the path to a profile."
msgstr "sans avoir à spécifier un profil."

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2665 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2666
#, no-wrap
msgid "The benefits of manifests"
msgstr "Les avantages des manifestes"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2670
msgid "Manifests are a convenient way to keep your package lists around and, say, to synchronize them across multiple machines using a version control system."
msgstr "Les manifestes sont pratiques pour garder la liste des paquets et, par exemple, les synchroniser entre plusieurs machines avec un système de gestion de versions."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2674
msgid "A common complaint about manifests is that they can be slow to install when they contain large number of packages.  This is especially cumbersome when you just want get an upgrade for one package within a big manifest."
msgstr "Les gens se plaignent souvent que les manifestes sont lents à installer quand ils contiennent beaucoup de paquets. C'est particulièrement embêtant quand vous voulez juste mettre à jour un paquet dans un gros manifeste."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2679
msgid "This is one more reason to use multiple profiles, which happen to be just perfect to break down manifests into multiple sets of semantically connected packages.  Using multiple, small profiles provides more flexibility and usability."
msgstr "C'est une raison de plus d'utiliser plusieurs profils, qui sont bien pratiques pour diviser les manifestes en plusieurs ensembles de paquets de même type. Plusieurs petits profils sont plus flexibles et plus maniables."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2681
msgid "Manifests come with multiple benefits.  In particular, they ease maintenance:"
msgstr "Les manifestes ont de nombreux avantages. En particulier, ils facilitent la maintenance :"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2689
msgid "When a profile is set up from a manifest, the manifest itself is self-sufficient to keep a ``package listing'' around and reinstall the profile later or on a different system.  For ad-hoc profiles, we would need to generate a manifest specification manually and maintain the package versions for the packages that don't use the default version."
msgstr "Lorsqu'un profil est créé à partir d'un manifeste, le manifeste lui-même est suffisant pour garder la liste des paquets sous le coude et réinstaller le profil plus tard sur un autre système. Pour les profils ad-hoc, il faudrait générer une spécification de manifeste à la main et noter les versions de paquets pour les paquets qui n'utilisent pas la version par défaut."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2694
msgid "@code{guix package --upgrade} always tries to update the packages that have propagated inputs, even if there is nothing to do.  Guix manifests remove this problem."
msgstr "@code{guix package --upgrade} essaye toujours de mettre à jour les paquets qui ont des entrées propagées, même s'il n'y à rien à faire. Les manifestes de Guix résolvent ce problème."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2700
msgid "When partially upgrading a profile, conflicts may arise (due to diverging dependencies between the updated and the non-updated packages) and they can be annoying to resolve manually.  Manifests remove this problem altogether since all packages are always upgraded at once."
msgstr "Lorsque vous mettez partiellement à jour un profil, des conflits peuvent survenir (à cause des dépendances différentes entre les paquets à jour et ceux qui ne le sont pas) et ça peut être embêtant à corriger à la main. Les manifestes suppriment ce problème puisque tous les paquets sont toujours mis à jour en même temps."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2706
msgid "As mentioned above, manifests allow for reproducible profiles, while the imperative @code{guix install}, @code{guix upgrade}, etc. do not, since they produce different profiles every time even when they hold the same packages.  See @uref{https://issues.guix.gnu.org/issue/33285, the related discussion on the matter}."
msgstr "Comme on l'a mentionné plus haut, les manifestes permettent d'avoir des profils reproductibles, alors que les commandes impératives @code{guix install}, @code{guix upgrade}, etc, ne le peuvent pas, puisqu'elles produisent un profil différent à chaque fois qu'elles sont lancées, même avec les même paquets. Voir @uref{https://issues.guix.gnu.org/issue/33285, la discussion sur ce problème}."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2714
msgid "Manifest specifications are usable by other @samp{guix} commands.  For example, you can run @code{guix weather -m manifest.scm} to see how many substitutes are available, which can help you decide whether you want to try upgrading today or wait a while.  Another example: you can run @code{guix pack -m manifest.scm} to create a pack containing all the packages in the manifest (and their transitive references)."
msgstr "Les spécifications de manifestes sont utilisables par les autres commandes @samp{guix}. Par exemple, vous pouvez lancer @code{guix weather -m manifest} pour voir combien de substituts sont disponibles, ce qui peut vous aider à décider si vous voulez faire la mise à jour maintenant ou un peu plus tard. Un autre exemple : vous pouvez lancer @code{guix package -m manifest.scm} pour créer un lot contenant tous les paquets du manifeste (et leurs références transitives)."

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2718
msgid "Finally, manifests have a Scheme representation, the @samp{<manifest>} record type.  They can be manipulated in Scheme and passed to the various Guix @uref{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Api, APIs}."
msgstr "Enfin, les manifestes ont une représentation Scheme, le type d'enregistrement @samp{<manifest>}. Vous pouvez les manipuler en Scheme et les passer aux diverses @uref{https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Api, API} de Guix."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2726
msgid "It's important to understand that while manifests can be used to declare profiles, they are not strictly equivalent: profiles have the side effect that they ``pin'' packages in the store, which prevents them from being garbage-collected (@pxref{Invoking guix gc,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual})  and ensures that they will still be available at any point in the future."
msgstr "Vous devez bien comprendre que même si vous pouvez utiliser les manifestes pour déclarer des profils, les deux ne sont pas strictement équivalents : les profils pour l'effet de bord « d'épingler » les paquets dans le dépôt, ce qui évite qu'ils ne soient nettoyés (@pxref{Invoquer guix gc,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}) et s'assure qu'ils seront toujours disponibles à n'importe quel moment dans le futur."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2728
msgid "Let's take an example:"
msgstr "Voyons un exemple :"

#. type: enumerate
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2734
msgid "We have an environment for hacking on a project for which there isn't a Guix package yet.  We build the environment using a manifest, and then run @code{guix environment -m manifest.scm}.  So far so good."
msgstr "Vous avez un environnement pour bidouiller un projet pour lequel il n'y a pas encore de paquet Guix. Vous construisez l'environnement avec un manifeste puis lancez @code{guix environment -m manifest.scm}. Jusqu'ici tout va bien."

#. type: enumerate
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2740
msgid "Many weeks pass and we have run a couple of @code{guix pull} in the mean time.  Maybe a dependency from our manifest has been updated; or we may have run @code{guix gc} and some packages needed by our manifest have been garbage-collected."
msgstr "Plusieurs semaines plus tard vous avez lancé quelques @code{guix pull} entre temps. Plusieurs dépendances du manifeste ont été mises à jour ; ou bien vous avez lancé @code{guix gc} et certains paquets requis par le manifeste ont été nettoyés."

#. type: enumerate
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2745
msgid "Eventually, we set to work on that project again, so we run @code{guix environment -m manifest.scm}.  But now we have to wait for Guix to build and install stuff!"
msgstr "Finalement, vous vous remettez au travail sur ce projet, donc vous lancez @code{guix environment -m manifest.scm}. Mais maintenant vous devez attendre que Guix construise et installe des paquets !"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2751
msgid "Ideally, we could spare the rebuild time.  And indeed we can, all we need is to install the manifest to a profile and use @code{GUIX_PROFILE=/the/profile; . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile} as explained above: this guarantees that our hacking environment will be available at all times."
msgstr "Idéalement, vous voudriez éviter de perdre du temps à reconstruire. C'est en fait possible, tout ce dont on a besoin, c'est d'installer le manifeste dans un profil et d'utiliser @code{GUIX_PROFILE=/le/profil; . \"$GUIX_PROFILE\"/etc/profile} comme on l'a expliqué plus haut : cela garantie que l'environnement de bidouillage sera toujours disponible."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2754
msgid "@emph{Security warning:} While keeping old profiles around can be convenient, keep in mind that outdated packages may not have received the latest security fixes."
msgstr "@emph{Avertissement de sécurité :} bien que garder d'anciens profils soit pratique, gardez à l'esprit que les anciens paquets n'ont pas forcément reçu les dernières corrections de sécurité."

#. type: subsection
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2755 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2756
#, no-wrap
msgid "Reproducible profiles"
msgstr "Profils reproductibles"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2759
msgid "To reproduce a profile bit-for-bit, we need two pieces of information:"
msgstr "Pour reproduire un profil bit-à-bit, on a besoin de deux informations :"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2763
msgid "a manifest,"
msgstr "un manifeste,"

#. type: itemize
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2765
msgid "a Guix channel specification."
msgstr "et une spécification de canaux Guix."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2769
msgid "Indeed, manifests alone might not be enough: different Guix versions (or different channels) can produce different outputs for a given manifest."
msgstr "En effet, les manifestes seuls ne sont pas forcément suffisants : différentes versions de Guix (ou différents canaux) peuvent produire des sorties différentes avec le même manifeste."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2773
msgid "You can output the Guix channel specification with @samp{guix describe --format=channels}.  Save this to a file, say @samp{channel-specs.scm}."
msgstr "Vous pouvez afficher la spécification de canaux Guix avec @samp{guix describe --format=channels}. Enregistrez-la dans un fichier, par exemple @samp{channel-specs.scm}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2776
msgid "On another computer, you can use the channel specification file and the manifest to reproduce the exact same profile:"
msgstr "Sur un autre ordinateur, vous pouvez utiliser le fichier de spécification de canaux et le manifeste pour reproduire exactement le même profil :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2780
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES=$HOME/.guix-extra-profiles\n"
"GUIX_EXTRA=$HOME/.guix-extra\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES=$HOME/.guix-extra-profiles\n"
"GUIX_EXTRA=$HOME/.guix-extra\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2783
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"mkdir \"$GUIX_EXTRA\"/my-project\n"
"guix pull --channels=channel-specs.scm --profile \"$GUIX_EXTRA/my-project/guix\"\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"mkdir \"$GUIX_EXTRA\"/my-project\n"
"guix pull --channels=channel-specs.scm --profile \"$GUIX_EXTRA/my-project/guix\"\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2786
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"mkdir -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES/my-project\"\n"
"\"$GUIX_EXTRA\"/my-project/guix/bin/guix package --manifest=/path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm --profile=\"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"
msgstr ""
"mkdir -p \"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES/my-project\"\n"
"\"$GUIX_EXTRA\"/my-project/guix/bin/guix package --manifest=/path/to/guix-my-project-manifest.scm --profile=\"$GUIX_EXTRA_PROFILES\"/my-project/my-project\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2790
msgid "It's safe to delete the Guix channel profile you've just installed with the channel specification, the project profile does not depend on it."
msgstr "Vous pouvez supprimer le profil des canaux Guix que vous venez d'installer avec la spécification de canaux, le profil du projet n'en dépend pas."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2797
msgid "Guix provides multiple tools to manage environment.  This chapter demonstrate such utilities."
msgstr "Guix fournit plusieurs outils pour gérer l'environnement. Ce chapitre vous montre ces outils."

#. type: section
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2800 guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2802
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2803
#, no-wrap
msgid "Guix environment via direnv"
msgstr "Environnement Guix avec direnv"

#. type: menuentry
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2800
msgid "Setup Guix environment with direnv"
msgstr "Créer un environnement Guix avec direnv"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2808
msgid "Guix provides a @samp{direnv} package, which could extend shell after directory change.  This tool could be used to prepare a pure Guix environment."
msgstr "Guix fournit un paquet @samp{direnv}, qui peut étendre le shell après avoir changé de répertoire de travail. Vous pouvez utiliser cet outil pour préparer un environnement Guix pur."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2814
msgid "The following example provides a shell function for @file{~/.direnvrc} file, which could be used from Guix Git repository in @file{~/src/guix/.envrc} file to setup a build environment similar to described in @pxref{Building from Git,,, guix, GNU Guix Reference Manual}."
msgstr "L'exemple suivant fournit une fonction shell dans @file{~/.direnvrc}, qui peut être utilisée dans le dépôt Git de Guix dans @file{~/src/guix/.envrc} pour créer un environnement de construction similaire à celui décrit dans @ref{Construire depuis Git,,, guix.fr, le manuel de référence de GNU Guix}."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2816
msgid "Create a @file{~/.direnvrc} with a Bash code:"
msgstr "Créez un fichier @file{~/.direnv} avec le code Bash suivant :"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2834
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# Thanks <https://github.com/direnv/direnv/issues/73#issuecomment-152284914>\n"
"export_function()\n"
"@{\n"
"  local name=$1\n"
"  local alias_dir=$PWD/.direnv/aliases\n"
"  mkdir -p \"$alias_dir\"\n"
"  PATH_add \"$alias_dir\"\n"
"  local target=\"$alias_dir/$name\"\n"
"  if declare -f \"$name\" >/dev/null; then\n"
"    echo \"#!$SHELL\" > \"$target\"\n"
"    declare -f \"$name\" >> \"$target\" 2>/dev/null\n"
"    # Notice that we add shell variables to the function trigger.\n"
"    echo \"$name \\$*\" >> \"$target\"\n"
"    chmod +x \"$target\"\n"
"  fi\n"
"@}\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"# Grâce à <https://github.com/direnv/direnv/issues/73#issuecomment-152284914>\n"
"export_function()\n"
"@{\n"
"  local name=$1\n"
"  local alias_dir=$PWD/.direnv/aliases\n"
"  mkdir -p \"$alias_dir\"\n"
"  PATH_add \"$alias_dir\"\n"
"  local target=\"$alias_dir/$name\"\n"
"  if declare -f \"$name\" >/dev/null; then\n"
"    echo \"#!$SHELL\" > \"$target\"\n"
"    declare -f \"$name\" >> \"$target\" 2>/dev/null\n"
"    # Remarquez qu'on ajoute des variables shells au déclencheur de la fonction.\n"
"    echo \"$name \\$*\" >> \"$target\"\n"
"    chmod +x \"$target\"\n"
"  fi\n"
"@}\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2839
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"use_guix()\n"
"@{\n"
"    # Set GitHub token.\n"
"    export GUIX_GITHUB_TOKEN=\"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx\"\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"use_guix()\n"
"@{\n"
"    # indique un jeton Github.\n"
"    export GUIX_GITHUB_TOKEN=\"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx\"\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2842
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    # Unset 'GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH'.\n"
"    export GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH=\"\"\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"    # Nettoie « GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH ».\n"
"    export GUIX_PACKAGE_PATH=\"\"\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2851
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    # Recreate a garbage collector root.\n"
"    gcroots=\"$HOME/.config/guix/gcroots\"\n"
"    mkdir -p \"$gcroots\"\n"
"    gcroot=\"$gcroots/guix\"\n"
"    if [ -L \"$gcroot\" ]\n"
"    then\n"
"        rm -v \"$gcroot\"\n"
"    fi\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"    # Recrée une racine du ramasse miettes.\n"
"    gcroots=\"$HOME/.config/guix/gcroots\"\n"
"    mkdir -p \"$gcroots\"\n"
"    gcroot=\"$gcroots/guix\"\n"
"    if [ -L \"$gcroot\" ]\n"
"    then\n"
"        rm -v \"$gcroot\"\n"
"    fi\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2866
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    # Miscellaneous packages.\n"
"    PACKAGES_MAINTENANCE=(\n"
"        direnv\n"
"        git\n"
"        git:send-email\n"
"        git-cal\n"
"        gnupg\n"
"        guile-colorized\n"
"        guile-readline\n"
"        less\n"
"        ncurses\n"
"        openssh\n"
"        xdot\n"
"    )\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"    # Divers paquets.\n"
"    PACKAGES_MAINTENANCE=(\n"
"        direnv\n"
"        git\n"
"        git:send-email\n"
"        git-cal\n"
"        gnupg\n"
"        guile-colorized\n"
"        guile-readline\n"
"        less\n"
"        ncurses\n"
"        openssh\n"
"        xdot\n"
"    )\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2869
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    # Environment packages.\n"
"    PACKAGES=(help2man guile-sqlite3 guile-gcrypt)\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"    # Paquets de l'environnement.\n"
"    PACKAGES=(help2man guile-sqlite3 guile-gcrypt)\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2872
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    # Thanks <https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2016-09/msg00859.html>\n"
"    eval \"$(guix environment --search-paths --root=\"$gcroot\" --pure guix --ad-hoc $@{PACKAGES[@@]@} $@{PACKAGES_MAINTENANCE[@@]@} \"$@@\")\"\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"    # Grâce à <https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2016-09/msg00859.html>\n"
"    eval \"$(guix environment --search-paths --root=\"$gcroot\" --pure guix --ad-hoc $@{PACKAGES[@@]@} $@{PACKAGES_MAINTENANCE[@@]@} \"$@@\")\"\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2879
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    # Predefine configure flags.\n"
"    configure()\n"
"    @{\n"
"        ./configure --localstatedir=/var --prefix=\n"
"    @}\n"
"    export_function configure\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"    # Défini les drapeaux configure à l'avance.\n"
"    configure()\n"
"    @{\n"
"        ./configure --localstatedir=/var --prefix=\n"
"    @}\n"
"    export_function configure\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2890
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    # Run make and optionally build something.\n"
"    build()\n"
"    @{\n"
"        make -j 2\n"
"        if [ $# -gt 0 ]\n"
"        then\n"
"            ./pre-inst-env guix build \"$@@\"\n"
"        fi\n"
"    @}\n"
"    export_function build\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"    # Lance make et construit éventuellement quelque chose.\n"
"    build()\n"
"    @{\n"
"        make -j 2\n"
"        if [ $# -gt 0 ]\n"
"        then\n"
"            ./pre-inst-env guix build \"$@@\"\n"
"        fi\n"
"    @}\n"
"    export_function build\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2897
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    # Predefine push Git command.\n"
"    push()\n"
"    @{\n"
"        git push --set-upstream origin\n"
"    @}\n"
"    export_function push\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"    # Défini une commande Git pour pousser.\n"
"    push()\n"
"    @{\n"
"        git push --set-upstream origin\n"
"    @}\n"
"    export_function push\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2900
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    clear                        # Clean up the screen.\n"
"    git-cal --author='Your Name' # Show contributions calendar.\n"
"\n"
msgstr ""
"    clear                        # Nettoie l'écran.\n"
"    git-cal --author='Votre Nom' # Montre le calendrier des contributions.\n"
"\n"

#. type: example
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2908
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    # Show commands help.\n"
"    echo \"\n"
"build          build a package or just a project if no argument provided\n"
"configure      run ./configure with predefined parameters\n"
"push           push to upstream Git repository\n"
"\"\n"
"@}\n"
msgstr ""
"    # Montre l'aide des commandes.\n"
"    echo \"\n"
"build          construit un paquet ou juste un projet si aucun argument n'est fournit\n"
"configure      lance ./configure avec les paramètres pré-définis\n"
"push           pousse un dépôt Git\n"
"\"\n"
"@}\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2912
msgid "Every project containing @file{.envrc} with a string @code{use guix} will have predefined environment variables and procedures."
msgstr "Tous les projets contenant un @file{.envrc} avec une chaine @code{use guix} aura des variables d'environnement et des procédures prédéfinies."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2914
msgid "Run @command{direnv allow} to setup the environment for the first time."
msgstr "Lancez @command{direnv allow} pour mettre en place l'environnement pour la première fois."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2926
msgid "Guix is based on the @uref{https://nixos.org/nix/, Nix package manager}, which was designed and implemented by Eelco Dolstra, with contributions from other people (see the @file{nix/AUTHORS} file in Guix.)  Nix pioneered functional package management, and promoted unprecedented features, such as transactional package upgrades and rollbacks, per-user profiles, and referentially transparent build processes.  Without this work, Guix would not exist."
msgstr "Guix se base sur le @uref{https://nixos.org/nix/ gestionnaire de paquets Nix} conçu et implémenté par Eelco Dolstra, avec des contributions d'autres personnes (voir le fichier @file{nix/AUTHORS} dans Guix).  Nix a inventé la gestion de paquet fonctionnelle et promu des fonctionnalités sans précédents comme les mises à jour de paquets transactionnelles et les retours en arrière, les profils par utilisateurs et les processus de constructions transparents pour les références.  Sans ce travail, Guix n'existerait pas."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2929
msgid "The Nix-based software distributions, Nixpkgs and NixOS, have also been an inspiration for Guix."
msgstr "Les distributions logicielles basées sur Nix, Nixpkgs et NixOS, ont aussi été une inspiration pour Guix."

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2935
msgid "GNU@tie{}Guix itself is a collective work with contributions from a number of people.  See the @file{AUTHORS} file in Guix for more information on these fine people.  The @file{THANKS} file lists people who have helped by reporting bugs, taking care of the infrastructure, providing artwork and themes, making suggestions, and more---thank you!"
msgstr "GNU@tie{}Guix lui-même est un travail collectif avec des contributions d'un grand nombre de personnes.  Voyez le fichier @file{AUTHORS} dans Guix pour plus d'information sur ces personnes de qualité.  Le fichier @file{THANKS} liste les personnes qui ont aidé en rapportant des bogues, en prenant soin de l'infrastructure, en fournissant des images et des thèmes, en faisant des suggestions et bien plus. Merci !"

#. type: Plain text
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2938
msgid "This document includes adapted sections from articles that have previously been published on the Guix blog at @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/blog}."
msgstr "Ce document contient des sections adaptées d'articles précédemment publiés sur le blog de Guix sur @uref{https://guix.gnu.org/blog}."

#. type: cindex
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2943
#, no-wrap
msgid "license, GNU Free Documentation License"
msgstr "licence, GNU Free Documentation License"

#. type: include
#: guix-git/doc/guix-cookbook.texi:2944
#, no-wrap
msgid "fdl-1.3.texi"
msgstr "fdl-1.3.texi"
